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Health Ass Quiz 2 > Class notes nose/mouth/throat > Flashcards

Class notes nose/mouth/throat Flashcards

1
Q

Nose function:

A

first segment of respiratory system
Warms, moistens, and filters
Sensory organ for smell

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2
Q

Olfactory receptors (hair cells) location:

A

lie at roof of nasal cavity and upper third of septum.

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3
Q

Olfactory receptors merge into olfactory nerve (CN I) which transmits where?

A

temporal lobe of the brain.

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4
Q

Sense of smell function:

A

enhances pleasure, taste of food

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5
Q

Upper one-third of external nose is:

A

composed of bone; lower part is cartilage.

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6
Q

Paranasal sinuses function:

A

air-filled pockets that communicate with nasal cavity.
Lighten weight of skull bones.
Serve as resonators for sound production.
Provide mucus, which drains into nasal cavity.

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7
Q

Paranasal sinus occlusion is called:

A

sinusitis

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8
Q

Two pairs of sinuses can be examined:

A

frontal; maxillary.

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9
Q

Maxillary location:

A

in maxilla, along side walls of nasal cavity

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10
Q

Frontal location:

A

above and medial to orbits

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11
Q

Mouth function:

A

first segment of digestive system; an airway for the respiratory system

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12
Q

Oral cavity contains:

A

bordered by lips, palate, cheeks, tongue; contains teeth, gums, tongue salivary glands.

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13
Q

Hard palate is made of:

A

bone

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14
Q

soft palate made of:

A

muscle

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15
Q

Frenulum function:

A

midline fold of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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16
Q

Tongue made of:

A

mass of striated muscle arranged in crosswise pattern so it can change shape & position

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17
Q

Tongue functions:

A

enhances functions in mastication, swallowing, teeth cleansing, speech formation, also functions in taste sensation.

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18
Q

Microscopic taste buds called:

A

papillae of tongue—at back and long sides and on soft palate

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19
Q

Mouth contains 3 pairs of salivary glands

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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20
Q

Parotid location:

A

largest—within cheeks in front of ear—duct opens on buccal mucosa opposite 2nd molar.

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21
Q

Submandibular location:

A

beneath mandible at angle of jaw—duct opens on either side of frenulum.

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22
Q

Sublingual location:

A

lies within the floor of the mouth, under tongue.

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23
Q

Salivary glands functions:

A

secrete saliva, which lubricates food bolus; starts digestion cleans and protects the mucosa.

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24
Q

How many teeth in adult?

A

32 teeth—each has crown, neck, root

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25
Q

Scientific name for gums

A

Gingivae

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26
Q

Scientific name for throat

A

pharynx

27
Q

Oropharynx separated from mouth by fold of tissue called:

A

Anterior tonsillar pillar (each side)

28
Q

Tonsillar tissue enlarges during childhood until when?

A

Puberty, then it involutes

29
Q

Nasopharynx location:

A

continuous with oropharynx behind nasal cavity

30
Q

What does nasopharynx contain?

A

contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and eustachian tube openings

31
Q

How many teeth do children have?

A

20 deciduous (temporary) teeth

32
Q

when should all deciduous teeth develop by?

A

all should develop by age 2 ½.

33
Q

When does nose develop in children?

A

Nose develops during adolescence.

34
Q

What happens in pregnancy to mouth/throat/nose?

A

Increased vascularity—upper respiratory tract

Nasal stuffiness; epistaxis; may have bleeding gums.

35
Q

What happens to nasal hairs in aging adult?

A

Nasal hairs—coarser, stiffer; may not filter as well.

36
Q

What happens to nose in aging adult?

A

After 60—may have decreased olfactory nerve fibers, leading to decreased sense of smell.

37
Q

Oral cavity aging adult changes how?

A

soft tissue atrophy; epithelial thins in cheeks and tongue. Loss of taste buds with reduction in taste

38
Q

What % reduction in taste function with aging adult?

A

80% reduction in taste functioning

39
Q

What impacts taste of aging adult?

A

Decreased salivary secretion may also impact taste.

40
Q

What is aging adult at risk for?

A

risk for infections, neoplasms.

41
Q

The aging adult dental changes:

A

tooth loss, difficulty in mastication.

42
Q

Result of dental changes in aging adult:

A

increase in soft foods, decrease in meat and vegetables—risk for nutritional deficits

43
Q

Nose sub data:

A

Ask about history of nosebleeds (epistaxis), allergies.

44
Q

Mouth/throat sub data:

A

Asks about toothaches, bleeding gums, hoarseness, dysphagia, smoking, alcohol use.

45
Q

Infant/children sub data:

A

Check for history of frequent sore throat or tonsillitis.

? Bottle use; ? thumb sucking; ? grinding teeth

46
Q

Aging adult sub data:

A

Ask about mouth dryness.
Are there foods the client can’t eat anymore?
Can the client care for her/his own teeth or dentures?
Has the client had a change in sense of taste or smell?

47
Q

Nose obj data:

A

Note any discharge.
Assess ability to sniff.
Inspect for deviated septum.

48
Q

Where do you palpate frontal and maxillary sinuses?

A

forehead, cheeks

49
Q

Mouth obj data:

A

Retract lips and note inner surfaces.

50
Q

What race has bluish lips and dark line on gingival margin

A

Some African Americans

51
Q

What are you looking for in teeth for obj data:

A

Note teeth that are diseased, absent, loose, or abnormally positioned.
Count teeth

52
Q

What are you looking for in alignment of bite?

A

Normal occlusion—in back—upper teeth resting on lower teeth

In front—upper incisors slightly overriding lower incisors

53
Q

Enlarged tongue occurs in:

A

seen with mental retardation, hypothyroidism, acromegaly

54
Q

Small tongue occurs in:

A

malnutrition

55
Q

Check tongue for:

A

induration under the tongue in the U-shaped area under the tongue behind the teeth.

56
Q

Buccal Mucosa obj data:

A

Assess when client says “ahhh” if soft palate and uvula rise in the midline –CN X (vagus).

57
Q

What infection usually rubs off buccal mucosa, leaving a clear or raw denuded surface

A

Candida

58
Q

Throat test for obj data:

A

Touch posterior wall with tongue blade—eliciting the gag reflex—CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (vagus).

59
Q

What are you looking for when sticking out tongue?

A

which should protrude in the midline (CN XII (hypoglossal)

60
Q

What do you immediately need to assess in newborn nares?

A

Need to determine patency of nares, as newborns are obligate nose breathers.

61
Q

What indicates respiratory distress?

A

Nasal flaring in the infant

62
Q

what is “purse-string” appearance?

A

In the edentulous person, mouth and lips folds

63
Q

Elderly teeth appearance:

A

Yellowing—results from dentin visible through worn enamel.
Incisors may have vertical cracks from exposure over lifetime to extreme temperatures.
Teeth may be loose due to bone resorption.

64
Q

Elderly tongue appearance

A

tongue smoother, buccal mucosa shinier

Health Ass Quiz 2 (11 decks)

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