Class notes nose/mouth/throat

Question 1

Nose function:

Answer 1

first segment of respiratory system
Warms, moistens, and filters
Sensory organ for smell

Question 2

Olfactory receptors (hair cells) location:

Answer 2

lie at roof of nasal cavity and upper third of septum.

Question 3

Olfactory receptors merge into olfactory nerve (CN I) which transmits where?

Answer 3

temporal lobe of the brain.

Question 4

Sense of smell function:

Answer 4

enhances pleasure, taste of food

Question 5

Upper one-third of external nose is:

Answer 5

composed of bone; lower part is cartilage.

Question 6

Paranasal sinuses function:

Answer 6

air-filled pockets that communicate with nasal cavity.
Lighten weight of skull bones.
Serve as resonators for sound production.
Provide mucus, which drains into nasal cavity.

Question 7

Paranasal sinus occlusion is called:

Answer 7

sinusitis

Question 8

Two pairs of sinuses can be examined:

Answer 8

frontal; maxillary.

Question 9

Maxillary location:

Answer 9

in maxilla, along side walls of nasal cavity

Question 10

Frontal location:

Answer 10

above and medial to orbits

Question 11

Mouth function:

Answer 11

first segment of digestive system; an airway for the respiratory system

Question 12

Oral cavity contains:

Answer 12

bordered by lips, palate, cheeks, tongue; contains teeth, gums, tongue salivary glands.

Question 13

Hard palate is made of:

Answer 13

bone

Question 14

soft palate made of:

Answer 14

muscle

Question 15

Frenulum function:

Answer 15

midline fold of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Question 16

Tongue made of:

Answer 16

mass of striated muscle arranged in crosswise pattern so it can change shape & position

Question 17

Tongue functions:

Answer 17

enhances functions in mastication, swallowing, teeth cleansing, speech formation, also functions in taste sensation.

Question 18

Microscopic taste buds called:

Answer 18

papillae of tongue—at back and long sides and on soft palate

Question 19

Mouth contains 3 pairs of salivary glands

Answer 19

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 20

Parotid location:

Answer 20

largest—within cheeks in front of ear—duct opens on buccal mucosa opposite 2nd molar.

Question 21

Submandibular location:

Answer 21

beneath mandible at angle of jaw—duct opens on either side of frenulum.

Question 22

Sublingual location:

Answer 22

lies within the floor of the mouth, under tongue.

Question 23

Salivary glands functions:

Answer 23

secrete saliva, which lubricates food bolus; starts digestion cleans and protects the mucosa.

Question 24

How many teeth in adult?

Answer 24

32 teeth—each has crown, neck, root

Question 25

Scientific name for gums

Answer 25

Gingivae

Question 26

Scientific name for throat

Answer 26

pharynx

Question 27

Oropharynx separated from mouth by fold of tissue called:

Answer 27

Anterior tonsillar pillar (each side)

Question 28

Tonsillar tissue enlarges during childhood until when?

Answer 28

Puberty, then it involutes

Question 29

Nasopharynx location:

Answer 29

continuous with oropharynx behind nasal cavity

Question 30

What does nasopharynx contain?

Answer 30

contains pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and eustachian tube openings

Question 31

How many teeth do children have?

Answer 31

20 deciduous (temporary) teeth

Question 32

when should all deciduous teeth develop by?

Answer 32

all should develop by age 2 ½.

Question 33

When does nose develop in children?

Answer 33

Nose develops during adolescence.

Question 34

What happens in pregnancy to mouth/throat/nose?

Answer 34

Increased vascularity—upper respiratory tract | Nasal stuffiness; epistaxis; may have bleeding gums.

Question 35

What happens to nasal hairs in aging adult?

Answer 35

Nasal hairs—coarser, stiffer; may not filter as well.

Question 36

What happens to nose in aging adult?

Answer 36

After 60—may have decreased olfactory nerve fibers, leading to decreased sense of smell.

Question 37

Oral cavity aging adult changes how?

Answer 37

soft tissue atrophy; epithelial thins in cheeks and tongue. Loss of taste buds with reduction in taste

Question 38

What % reduction in taste function with aging adult?

Answer 38

80% reduction in taste functioning

Question 39

What impacts taste of aging adult?

Answer 39

Decreased salivary secretion may also impact taste.

Question 40

What is aging adult at risk for?

Answer 40

risk for infections, neoplasms.

Question 41

The aging adult dental changes:

Answer 41

tooth loss, difficulty in mastication.

Question 42

Result of dental changes in aging adult:

Answer 42

increase in soft foods, decrease in meat and vegetables—risk for nutritional deficits

Question 43

Nose sub data:

Answer 43

Ask about history of nosebleeds (epistaxis), allergies.

Question 44

Mouth/throat sub data:

Answer 44

Asks about toothaches, bleeding gums, hoarseness, dysphagia, smoking, alcohol use.

Question 45

Infant/children sub data:

Answer 45

Check for history of frequent sore throat or tonsillitis. | ? Bottle use; ? thumb sucking; ? grinding teeth

Question 46

Aging adult sub data:

Answer 46

Ask about mouth dryness. Are there foods the client can’t eat anymore? Can the client care for her/his own teeth or dentures? Has the client had a change in sense of taste or smell?

Question 47

Nose obj data:

Answer 47

Note any discharge. Assess ability to sniff. Inspect for deviated septum.

Question 48

Where do you palpate frontal and maxillary sinuses?

Answer 48

forehead, cheeks

Question 49

Mouth obj data:

Answer 49

Retract lips and note inner surfaces.

Question 50

What race has bluish lips and dark line on gingival margin

Answer 50

Some African Americans

Question 51

What are you looking for in teeth for obj data:

Answer 51

Note teeth that are diseased, absent, loose, or abnormally positioned. Count teeth

Question 52

What are you looking for in alignment of bite?

Answer 52

Normal occlusion—in back—upper teeth resting on lower teeth | In front—upper incisors slightly overriding lower incisors

Question 53

Enlarged tongue occurs in:

Answer 53

seen with mental retardation, hypothyroidism, acromegaly

Question 54

Small tongue occurs in:

Answer 54

malnutrition

Question 55

Check tongue for:

Answer 55

induration under the tongue in the U-shaped area under the tongue behind the teeth.

Question 56

Buccal Mucosa obj data:

Answer 56

Assess when client says “ahhh” if soft palate and uvula rise in the midline –CN X (vagus).

Question 57

What infection usually rubs off buccal mucosa, leaving a clear or raw denuded surface

Answer 57

Candida

Question 58

Throat test for obj data:

Answer 58

Touch posterior wall with tongue blade—eliciting the gag reflex—CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (vagus).

Question 59

What are you looking for when sticking out tongue?

Answer 59

which should protrude in the midline (CN XII (hypoglossal)

Question 60

What do you immediately need to assess in newborn nares?

Answer 60

Need to determine patency of nares, as newborns are obligate nose breathers.

Question 61

What indicates respiratory distress?

Answer 61

Nasal flaring in the infant

Question 62

what is “purse-string” appearance?

Answer 62

In the edentulous person, mouth and lips folds

Question 63

Elderly teeth appearance:

Answer 63

Yellowing—results from dentin visible through worn enamel. Incisors may have vertical cracks from exposure over lifetime to extreme temperatures. Teeth may be loose due to bone resorption.

Question 64

Elderly tongue appearance

Answer 64

tongue smoother, buccal mucosa shinier