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Health Ass Quiz 2 > Class notes eyes > Flashcards

Class notes eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What protects the eye?

A

Bony orbital cavity

Additional protection from—eyelids (injury, strong light, dust); and lacrimal apparatus

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2
Q

What kind of vision do humans have?

A

Human have a binocular, single-image visual system

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3
Q

Extraocular muscles (EOMs) movements:

A

straight and rotary movement

conjugate movement—parallel axis of movement in both eyes

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4
Q

Movement of EOMs stimulated by three cranial nerves:

A 
CN VI (abducens)
CN IV (trochlear)
CN III (oculomotor)
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5
Q

3 layers of eye:

A

Sclera; choroid; retina

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6
Q

outer layer of eye:

A

sclera

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7
Q

Sclera characteristics:

A

tough protective white covering
Continues anteriorly as smooth
transparent cornea

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8
Q

Cornea does:

A

refracting medium—bends light rays to focus on retina

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9
Q

Corneal reflex:

A

stimulation of cornea causes blinking

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10
Q

Nerves for blinking:

A 
CN V (trigeminal)—afferent sensation to brain
CN VII (facial)—efferent message-stimulates blinking
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11
Q

Middle layer of eye:

A

Choroid

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12
Q

Choroid characteristics:

A

Darkly pigmented
Continuous anteriorly with iris
Highly vascularized—delivers blood to retina

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13
Q

Iris:

A

Controls amount of light admitted to retina

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14
Q

Iris bright/dark light:

A

In bright light—the eye contracts and accommodates for near vision
In dim light—the eye dilates and accommodates for far vision

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15
Q

Pupil size reacts to:

A

Amount of ambient light and accommodation

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16
Q

Pupil is:

A

round, regular

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17
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system determines what in pupil:

A

Size

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18
Q

Stimulation of parasympathetic—through CN III causes pupil to:

A

pupil constricts

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19
Q

Stimulation of sympathetic pupil:

A

pupil dilates, eyelid elevates

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20
Q

Lens of eye is:

A

biconvex disc posterior to pupil
Serves as refractory medium—bulges for focusing on near objects
flattens for far objects

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21
Q

Inner layer of eye:

A

Retina

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22
Q

Retina function:

A

light waves changed into nerve impulses

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23
Q

Retinal structures viewed with ophthalmoscope:

A

Viewed: optic disc; retinal vessels; general background; macula

24
Q

What determined by balance between amount of aqueous humor produced and resistance to outflow at angle of the anterior chamber?

A

Intraocular pressure

25
Q

What does the aqueous humor do?

A

Nourishing the cornea and the lens by supplying nutrition such as amino acids and glucose
Maintain intraocular pressure.
Transport Vitamin C in the front segment to act as an anti-oxidant agent.

26
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex tests which nerves?

A 
CN II (optic)—sensory afferent link
CN III (oculomotor)—motor efferent path
27
Q

With different light reflex, what occurs?

A

consensual light reflex occurs

28
Q

What is accommodation?

A

adaptation of the eye for near vision; convergence of axes of the eyes when changing focus from far vision to near vision

29
Q

Examine for accommodation?

A

focus on distant object (pupils dilate) and then shift gaze to near object (Such as finger) caused pupillary constriction and convergence

30
Q

When does macula Macula mature?

A

absent at birth; mature by 8 mo.

31
Q

Eye movements in infant:

A

poorly coordinated

32
Q

binocularity established at what age in infants?

A

3-4 months

33
Q

% of infants born with farsightedness:

A

80%

34
Q

When does farsightedness decrease in children?

A

this decreases by age 7-8

35
Q

What happens to lens in aging adults?

A

Lens loses elasticity—becomes hard and glass-like

36
Q

Increase or decreased ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision in aging adult?

A

decreased

37
Q

What age does 50% of aging adults develop presbyopia (farsightedness)?

A

By age 40

So may need images magnified

38
Q

What age does normally transparent fibers of lens begin to thicken and yellow?

A

By age 70

Cataracts

39
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A

Narrow opaque band encircling cornea

Common in old age

40
Q

Most common causes of decreased visual functioning?

A

Cataract formation
Glaucoma
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Diabetic retinopathy

41
Q

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is?

A

Yellow deposits & neovascularity in macula; loss of central vision

42
Q

Optic nerve neuropathy; loss of peripheral vision caused by ↑IOP is called?

A

Glaucoma

43
Q

What do you ask about eyes for sub data:

A 
Vision changes; pain
Ask about acute onset of floaters, 
halos around lights, 
loss of peripheral vision, 
blind spot
44
Q

What is Strabismus?

A

misalignment of eyes, inward or outward

45
Q

What is diplopia?

A

double vision

46
Q

Ask about these things in eye sub data:

A

Redness, swelling—one or both eyes, watering, discharge

47
Q

Ask about vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery such as:

A

genital herpes, GC lead to risk for eye disease in the newborn

48
Q

test for visual acuity:

A

Snellen eye chart

20 feet away

49
Q

Vision parameters:

A

Normal visual acuity—20/20
Poor than 20/30—refer to eye provider
impaired vision: 20/50

50
Q

Vision impairment due to:

A

Refractive error
Opacity in the media (cornea, lens, vitreous)
Disorders in the retina or optic pathway

51
Q

Visual field test is testing for:

A

Testing for peripheral vision loss

In older adult—screen for glaucoma

52
Q

Diagnostic Positions Test:

A

Lead the eyes through six cardinal position of gaze to determine any EOM weakness
There should be parallel tracking with both eyes

53
Q

nystagmus

A

fine oscillating movement (can be seen with ear or eye disease; MS; brain lesions; overdose of phenytoin)

54
Q

3 things to assess in eye:

A

Check lateral canthus (corner of eyes) for pallor
Check sclera for jaundice
Check if pupils are equal

55
Q

What is anisocoria? How many have it normally?

A

Unequal pupil size, 5% have anisocoria normally

Health Ass Quiz 2 (11 decks)

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