class notes head/face/neck Flashcards
Three (3) pairs of salivary glands
Parotid gland, Submandibular glands, Sublingual glands
Parotid gland location:
in the cheeks over the mandible
Submandibular glands location:
beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
Sublingual glands location:
Lie in the floor of the mouth
Nerve that control facial muscle:
CN VII (facial nerve)
Temporal artery location:
superior to the temporalis muscle; pulse anterior to the ear
Vessels in neck
Common carotid artery External carotid artery Internal carotid artery Internal jugular vein External jugular vein
Names of major neck muscles
Sternomastoid, Trapezius (CN XI (spinal accessory nerve))
What the sternomastoid muscle moves
allows head rotation, flexion
What the trapezius muscle moves
allows shoulder movement, extension and turning of the head
Thyroid gland location & function
Straddles the trachea
Has 2 lobes
Synthesizes and secretes thyroid hormones
Highly vascular
Upper tracheal ring (what its made of)
cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage location
is just above the cricoid—also known as Adam’s Apple
Lymphatics- part of immune system (function)
detect and eliminate foreign substances
Lymphatic nodes located through body but accessible in only 4 areas:
Head and neck
Arms, axilla
Inguinal region
Head and neck contain how many lymph nodes
60-70 lymph nodes
Names of head/neck lymph nodes
Preauricular Posterior auricular Occipital Submental Submandibular Jugulodigastric (tonsillar) Superficial cervical Deep cervical Posterior cervical Supraclavicular
Lymphadenopathy is/indicates:
Increased size of lymph nodes ( > 1 cm)
Indicates infection, allergy, or neoplasm
Infants head characteristics :
fontanels close within first 2 years (anterior fontanel)
Head size greater than chest circumference at birth
What happens in adolescents neck:
enlargement of thyroid cartilage—voice deepens
Aging Adult (face)
facial bones and orbits appear more prominent
Associated factors/symptoms of headaches:
N/V; visual changes; fever
Associated factors/symptoms head injury:
neck pain; visual changes; nasal or ear discharge
Associated factors/symptoms dizziness:
food/fluid intake; vomiting; bloody or black stools; occupation; falls
Associated factors/symptoms neck pain:
past injury, occupation; stress
Assess head/face Objective:
size; shape; symmetry; skin; muscle tone
Assess CN VII
Assess Neck Objective:
Assess for general swelling Note range of motion Assess carotid pulsation—one side only! Check for lymph node enlargement Assess CN XI
Trachea obj:
Palpate to establish it is midline
Thyroid gland obj:
Should not be visibly enlarged
Should not be easy to palpate
Anterior fontane bulges in infants when:
with crying or lying down, infection, injury. bleeding, hydrocephalus
Caput succedaneum is:
edematous swelling and ecchymosis of presenting part of head of infant
Cephalhematoma is:
subperiosteal hematoma, reabsorbed during first few weeks of life
Molding is:
overriding of cranial bones during birth-lasts only a few days or a week
Infant can turn head side to side by:
2 weeks
Infant head controlled achieved by:
4 months
Child’s or adults lymph nodes more easy to palpate?
children
Aging Adult obj:
Senile tremors—benign, Other age-related findings: head nodding; tongue protrusion, May experience dizziness with side movements
nuchal rigidity is:
discomfort or pain when trying to turn, move, or flex the neck
Possible causes include muscle strain or sprain, cervical spine disorders, meningitis, and subarachnoid hemorrhage
