Class - internal factors Flashcards
What is the ideal pupil?
- appropriate appearance
- m/c standards and behaviour
-quiet, passive, obedient
Who coined the term ‘ideal pupil’?
BECKER
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?
it is when teacher labels and opinion about a pupil can cause them to internalise and produce those exact results
Who found that when teachers accepted a false prediction that certain pupils would excel, they actually brought it about?
ROSENTHAL AND JACOBSEN
What percentage of the pupils predicted to excel in ROSENTHAL AND JACOBSEN’s study actually excel?
47%
What did RIST find about teacher labelling?
teachers categorise pupils based of off class and appearance
- m/c pupils labelled tigers and seated close to the teachers
- w/c pupils labelled clowns
Who found that teachers categorise pupils based of off class and appearance?
RIST
Who found that ‘schools
persistently produce working-class underachievement’
because of the labels and assumptions of teachers?
DUNNE AND GAZELEY
What did DUNNE AND GAZELEY find is the real reason why working class students underachieve compared to m/c students?
they found that teachers ‘normalised’ the underachievement
of working-class pupils yet believed that m/c underachievement could be overcome
- they entered them into easier exams rather than pushing them
- labelled those w/c achieving as overachieving
What is differentiation?
the categorising/streaming of pupils based on teacher opinions of ability, attitude and behaviour
- more able = high stream = symbolic capital
- less able = low stream = symbolic violence
Who discusses differentiation?
LACEY
What is the educational triage/A-C economy?
When schools ration resources and give it to pupils who are most likely going to highly achieve (m/c pupils) TO GAIN AN OUTSTANDING LEAGUE TABLE POSITION
What are the 3 groups pupils are separated into in the educational triage/A-C economy?
1) Those who will pass anyway and can be left to get on
with it.
2) Those with potential, who will be helped to get a grade
C or better.
3) HOPELESS cases, who are doomed to fail.
What does the educational triage/A-C economy mean for w/c pupils?
teachers’ beliefs about the lack of ability of w/c pupils are used to segregate them into lower streams or sets, where they receive less attention, support and resources. Resulting in the self-fulfilling prophecy and failure
What term did GILLBORN & YOUDELL coin to describe how schools and teachers ration resources?
the educational triage
What is polarisation?
the process in which
pupils respond to streaming by moving
towards one of two opposite ‘poles’ - anti or pro school
Who discusses polarisation?
LACEY
EVALUATION: What is a criticism of LACEY’s view on Polarisation?
WOODS says that there are a variety of pupil responses to streaming
Who discusses that there is more than just pro and anti school subcultures?
WOODS
What are 3 different subcultures other than anti and pro school according to WOODS?
1) INGRATIATION - teacher’s pet
2) RETREATISM - mucking about and nonchalant
3) REBELLION - outright rejection for the school as an institution
Who supports LACEY’s reason for the polarisation of subcultures?
BALL
What did BALL find after a school abolished banding (a type of streaming)?
when the school abolished banding, the basis for pupils to polarise into subcultures was largely removed and the influence of the anti-school subculture declined.
Who said that joining an anti-school subculture solidifies your academic failure?
HARGREAVES
Why did HARGREAVES say that joining an anti-school subculture solidifies your academic failure?
boys in the lower streams were triple failures: they had failed their 11+ exam;
they had been placed in low streams; and they had been
labelled as ‘worthless louts’.
One solution to this status problem was for these pupils to seek symbolic status in their delinquent subcultures with separate habitus with the school
