Class - external factors Flashcards
What is material deprivation?
this refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as
adequate housing and income.
What are th 3 factors affecting material deprivation?
- housing
- diet and health
- material
According to the department of education, how many pupils eligible for FSM receive 5 or more GCSEs at A*-C?
barely 1/3
How can poor housing affect pupils’ achievement whether directly or indirectly?
if there is overcrowding, this can mean less space for educational activities
What did BULL find about how financial problems can affect pupils’ achievement?
w/c pupils miss out on enriching experiences with devices that benefit m/c pupil (ipads, laptops, tutoring and etc)
Who found that financial problems means that w/c pupils miss out on enriching experiences with devices that benefit m/c pupils?
BULL
What did HOWARD find about how diet and health can affect pupils’ achievement?
students from poorer homes have lower vitamin and energy intake = more illness = more absence = fall behind
Who found that students from poorer homes have lower vitamin and energy intake = more illness = more absence = fall behind?
HOWARD
What is cultural deprivation?
When lower classes have inferior norms, values, skills, and knowledge to the higher classes
What are the 2 speech codes and what do they mean?
ELABORATE:
- m/c
- detailed language
- specific vocabulary
RESTRICTED:
- w/c
- limited
- less grammatical
Who came up with the 2 speech codes?
BERNSTEIN
How did ENGLEMANN ET AL find that w/c families communicate?
in gestures and single words (disadvantaged)
Who found that w/c families communicate in gestures and single words (disadvantaged)?
ENGLEMANN ET AL
What did HOBBS TAIT ET AL find that increases cognitive performance?
language that challenges children to evaluate their understanding (eg. asking children why? what do they mean?)
Who said that language that challenges children to evaluate their understanding (eg. asking children why? what do they mean?) increases cognitive performance?
HOBBS TAIT ET AL
EVALUATION: what is a criticism for cultural deprivation according to VEDDIE?
cultural deprivation is a myth and used for victim blaming
EVALUATION: why don’t most pupils have an elaborate speech code?
schools fail to teach pupils an elaborate speech code
What do educated m/c parents do that help their child to succeed according to FEINSTEIN?
praise
Who said that educated m/c parents praise their child which helps them to succeed?
FEINSTEIN
How does w/c parental attitudes negatively affect their child’s achievement (what do they teach them)?
- immediate gratification
- luck
- collectivism
How does m/c parental attitudes positively affect their child’s achievement (what do they teach them)?
- deferred gratification
- meritocracy
- individualism
Why does DOUGLAS think parental attitudes is the reason why w/c pupils underachieve and m/c overachieve?
w/c parents place less value on education
m/c parents are more involved academically (eg. parent evening)
What does habitus mean?
when each class has their own culture made up of:
- knowledge
- taste
- values
- language/speech
What is cultural capital?
the knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities
of the middle class.
What is symbolic violence?
When the w/c habitus/culture is devalued and unappreciated so they get no status
What does symbolic violence cause?
an increase in anti-school subcultures
Why do m/c pupils do better in school according to BOURDIEU?
m/c pupils have the same habitus as schools so they gain symbolic capital (status) which encourages achievement
What is symbolic capital?
Status and recognition
