Class: External Factors: Material Deprivation

Question 1

What is material deprivation?

Answer 1

A lack of resources to purchase goods and services, compared to other members of society. It can directly help students succeed in the education system.

Question 2

How many students that receive free school meals achieve 5 or more GCSEs pass grades, including maths and english? (a fraction)

Answer 2

1/3

Question 3

How many failing schools are in deprived areas? (a percentage)

Answer 3

90%

Question 4

What did Flaherty find about material deprivation in education?

Answer 4

(2004) Students that receive free school meals achieve 5 or more GCSEs pass grades, including maths and english.

Question 5

1. (Housing Factors) What are the housing factors? (there are 6)

Answer 5

• Overcrowding.
• Psychological distress.
• Frequent moving if there’s no permanent accommodation.
• Ability to provide educational resources, such as devices.
• Lack of space for play and exploration.
• Impacts on health.

Question 6

2. (Diet and Health Factors) What will poor nutrition result in?

Answer 6

Poor nutrition affects health = absence from school and lower concentration levels.

Question 7

What did Howard find in 2001 about young people from poorer homes?

Answer 7

They have a a lower intake of energy, minerals and vitamins.

Question 8

What did Wilkinson find in 1996 about emotional and behavioural issues?

Answer 8

The lower the social class = the higher the rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders.

Question 9

What did Blanden and Machin find in 2007 about the behaviour of children from low income homes?

Answer 9

They will have ‘externalising’ behaviour.

Question 10

3. (Financial Factors) What are some financial factors? (there are 7)

Answer 10

• Financial support from family.
• Costs of education.
• Fear of debt → university → tuition fees, dropout rates and restricted choices.
• Out of school activities.
• Bull (1980) - ‘costs of free schooling’.
• Need to work - impact on school work.
• Abolishment of EMA in 2011.

Question 11

What did Flaherty find as an outcome of the fear of stigmatisation?

Answer 11

Fear of stigmatisation means people don’t take up the entitlement of FSM.

Question 12

What did Smith and Noble identify in 1995?

Answer 12

Barriers to learning.

Question 13

What are the barriers to learning? (there are 5)

Answer 13

• Being able to afford school uniforms, school trips, and transport for school.
• Classroom materials can lead to bullying and feeling isolated.
• Low income means students are less likely to have access to a device for school, internet, a desk, books and space to do homework.
• Marketisation policies - better resourced schools in more affluent areas.
• Part time work is more likely to be undertaken by working class students, and more likely to care for younger siblings → affecting educational outcomes.

Question 14

What advantages did Hirsch identify that students from a better-off background have?

Answer 14

• Structured out-of-school activities = learning new skills and building confidence in school = higher grades.
• More space for homework.
• Private tuition.

Question 15

What is an evaluation of material deprivation?

Answer 15

• The theory is deterministic → some from poorer backgrounds do achieve well.
• Poor chinese children do almost as well as rich chinese children suggesting that cultural factors > material factors.
• It is difficult to isolate material deprivation from cultural deprivation.