Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Oral Pathology > Class: Exam 2 Pigmented Lesions > Flashcards

Class: Exam 2 Pigmented Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Nevi

A

Nevus cells migrate from neural crest to skin and occasionally mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are Nevi acquired or found at birth?

A

Both
Congenital –> Present at birth, about 1% of newborns, larger (“garmet nevus”)

Acquired –> genetic influence and the average person has about 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the 4 different acquired Nevi

A
  1. Junctional nevus
  2. Intradermal nevus
  3. Compound nevus
  4. Blue nevus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe junctional nevus

A

flat macule

nevus cell in basal epithelium at “junction” of epithelium and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe intradermal nevus

A

(intramucosal nevus)
nodule +- hair
Nevus cells in dermis or lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe compound nevus

A

nodule

combination of junctional and intradermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe blue nevus

A

dendritic nevus cells deep within connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Melanocanthoma

A

Reactive proliferation of intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes
Reactive! Not neoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where and within what population is Melanocanthoma most likely?

A

Blacks

Cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of Melanoacanthoma

A

resolves when irritant is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Ephelis

A

Freckle
Localized overproduction of melanin
**Not an increase in number of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is Ephelis most common?

A

H&N skin

Is very common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe clinical features of Ephelis

A 
Very common
Flat
Tan macules
Multiple
Sun activated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Actinic or senile lentigo

A

“age spots”
“Liver spots”
From chronic UV damage - Not seen intraorally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where and within what population is Actinic or senile lentigo most common?

A

after 40 yrs
90% of elderly
Increasinly found in face, hands and arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical features of Actinic or senile lentigo

A

flat evenly discolored macules

Multiple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define or describe Melanotic macule

A

tan to brown flat macule
Like a big freckle but NOT SUN RELATED

15% multiple
Average size 6.8 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where and within what population is Melanotic macule most commonly found?

A

Female 2:1
Average age 43 (1-80)
Lower lip (33%)
Palate and Gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the 3rd most common skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma (» basal cell carcinoma, > squamous cell carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Malignant melanoma

A

Malignancy of melanin-producing cells

21
Q

What is the likelihood of a caucasian today developing melanoma during their lifetime?

A

less than 1 in 100

22
Q

Sites where malignant melanoma is found?

A

25% H&N

40% extremities

23
Q

What are the 5 etiological factors of malignant melanoma

A
  1. Risk factors = UV radiation damage from sun
  2. Acute sun damage (burns, blistering) probably more important than chronic exposure
  3. Fair complexion, blond hair, blue eyes
  4. Multiple moles, freckling, dysplastic nevi
  5. Family history
24
Q

Clinical features of malignant melanoma

A

The ABCD

  1. Asymmetry - lesion asymmetric as well as surface with elevated, nodular areas
  2. Borders - irregular and often notched
  3. Color - > variation, red, tan, brown, black
  4. Diameter - history of growth or change or >6 mm
25
Biologic growth phases (the two directional patterns of growth displayed by melanomas)
Radial | Vertical
26
Explain the radial growth phase
Malignant cells spread laterally through the epithelium, lesion remains flat but size increase - can remain for years - 75-85% of malnomas have radial growth phase
27
Explain the vertical growth phase
Malignant cell grow down and invade producing a mass or tumor
28
List the 5 distinct clinicopathologic types of melanomas
1. Superficial spreading melanoma 2. Nodular melanoma 3. Lentigo maligna melanoma 4. Acral lentiginous melanoma 5. Oral
29
What is the most common form of melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma | 70% of cutaneous melanomas
30
Where are superficial spreading melanomas commonly found and what growth phase do they exhibit
Increased in trunk, 28% H&N | - Short radial growth phase, develop nodule/vertical growth
31
What percentage of cutaneous melanomas do nodular melanomas make up
about 15%
32
Where are nodular melanomas found commonly?
30% in H&N
33
Clinical features of nodular melanomas
Produce exophytic, pigmented nodules but rarely no pigment (amelanotic) - Very short or non-existent radial growth
34
What percentage of cutaneous melanomas do lentigo maligna melanomas make up?
5-10%
35
Where and within what population are Lentigo maligna melanomas commonly found?
Increase in age | Sun exposed areas of face
36
Clinical features and growth phase of Lentigo maligna melanomas
Extremely long radial growth phase which may last 15-20 years (lentigo maligna/hutchinson's freckle) - Ultimately develops nodules/vertical growth
37
Describe acral lentiginous melanoma
small subset affecting palms, soles, subungual and mucous membranes
38
Oral melanomas have what growth phase?
Most have radial growth (>50%) and many similar to acral lentiginous melanoma
39
where are oral melanomas found commonly?
Palate | Maxillary gingiva
40
Treatment of Melanomas
Excision (resection) with minimum of 1cm margin +- lymph node dissection +- adjunctive chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy
41
Prognosis of Melanomas
- Depth of invasion is probably most important factor influencing survival - Metastasis decreases survival, many patients have a sentinel lymph node biopsied as a staging procedure - Prognosis also affected by site affected and type of melanoma
42
What is the overall survival for melanoma
79% for 10 years
43
What is the survival percentage for oral melanomas
Much worse...
44
Multifocal pigmentation
1. Physiologic 2. Drugs 3. Addison's Disease 4. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome Any condition characterized by cafe au lait spots 6. Smoker's melanosis 7. Melanoma 8. Kaposi's sarcoma 9. Petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura
45
What drugs are involved in multifocal pigmentation
Antimalarials antiarrythmics (quinidine) tranquilizers (thorazine) cis-platinum
46
Describe Addison's disease and it's relation to Multifocal pigmentation
Adrenocortical insufficiency triggers hypothalamus to stimulate anterior pituitary to produce ACTH (and MSH- melanin stimulating hormone)
47
Describe Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Autosomal dominant - Skin and mucosal freckles, intestinal polyps (small bowel)(very low rate of malignant degeneration but will produce symptoms of obstruction) - oral and perioral freckles, > lips and cheeks
48
What conditions are characterized by cafe au lait spots
Neurofibromatosis | McCune Albright Syndrome (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia)
49
Where is Smoker's melanosis found commonly
Palate, gingiva

Oral Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions