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Oral Pathology > Class: Exam 2 Benign Neoplasms > Flashcards

Class: Exam 2 Benign Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasm

A

Pathologic new growth of tissue in which growth is not controlled by normal regulatory functions and which does not regress after removal of the stimulus which produced it.

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2
Q

3 variants of Epithelial Benign Neoplasms with HPV etiology

A

Papilloma
Verruca vulgaris
Condyloma Acuminatum

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3
Q

Epithelial Benign Lesions can be classified into what two categories

A

A. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) etiology

B. Keratoacanthoma (KA)

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4
Q

All HPV Epithelial Benign neoplasms are what type of growths?

A

Papillary or verrucous growths

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5
Q

Describe clinical features of papilloma

A

exophytic
often pedunculated
pink to white

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6
Q

Where is the most common location of a Papilloma

A

Soft palate

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7
Q

Describe clinical features of Verruca Vulgaris

A

“Common Wart”
usually HPV2
Similar to papilloma
Many patients have verruca on hands

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8
Q

Describe clinical features of Condyloma Acuminatum

A

“venereal warts”
Usually HPV 6/11
Often multiple
Less exophytic than papillomas

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9
Q

How are Epithelial HPV benign neoplasms treated?

A

By removal

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10
Q

Keratoacanthoma (KA) has similar clinical and histological features with what cancer?

A

Skin cancer (Squamous cell carcinoma)

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11
Q

T or F, Keratoacanthoma is not neoplastic

A

True, Considered reactive, not neoplastic

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12
Q

Where is Keratoacanthoma normally located?

A

Sun exposed areas of head and neck
Older patients
10% on lips/have been reported intraorally

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13
Q

Clinical features of Keratoacanthoma

A

Rapid growth

Often umbilicated with rolled borders

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14
Q

name the 3 Mesenchymal Benign neoplasms that are connective tissue origin

A

Fibroma (most common)
Lipoma
Verruciform Xanthoma

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15
Q

Define Lipoma and it’s clinical features

A

Benign neoplasm of fat
may appear yellowish
very common in skin
less so orally

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16
Q

Define Verruciform xanthoma

A

Reactive lesion with predilection for hard palate or gingiva. Most common orally but reported on skin and genitals

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17
Q

Clinical features of Verruciform xanthoma

A 
Surface irregular (verrucous, "verruciform")
Pink to white
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18
Q

histological features of Verruciform xanthoma

A

Epithelium displays papillary hyperplasia. Connective tissue papillae contain phagocytic cells which have engulfed lipid (xanthoma cells)

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19
Q

Name all of the muscle benign neoplasms

A
  1. Leiomyoma (angioleiomyoma)(vascular leiomyoma)
  2. Rhabdomyoma
  3. Granular cell tumor
  4. Congenital epulis of the newborn
20
Q

Describe Leiomyoma and its clinical features

A 
Benign neoplasm of smooth muscle
Common in uterus (fibroids)
Rare orally
Most normal color
Reddish to purple
21
Q

Describe Rhabdomyoma

A

Benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle
> Heart
Rare orally
> tongue

22
Q

Describe Granular cell tumor

A

Originally thought to arise from muscle (granular cell myoblastoma)
–> Now thought to be of nerve origin, possibly sheath

23
Q

Where are granular cell tumors most common?

A

Common in skin and orally

–> >tongue (most common site) but can affect other sites

24
Q

Clinical features of granular cell tumors

A

Clinical: firm and fixed, not freely movable on palpation

25
Q

Histological features of granular cell tumors

A

Histological: Large polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm, about 1/2 cause overlying epithelium to react in a pattern that simulates carcinoma called pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

26
Q

Describe Congenital epulis of the newborn

A

Congenital tumor of anterior alveolar ridge
Maxillary:Mand = 2:1
F:M = 8-10:1

27
Q

Histological features of congenital epulis of the newborn

A

Identical cells to granular cell tumor but cells don’t react to immunohistochemical markers for nerve
*** No PEH

28
Q

Name the 5 Mesenchymal Nerve Benign Tumors

A
  1. Traumatic Neuroma
  2. Neurofibroma
  3. Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma)
  4. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
  5. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 3 (MEN 3)(2b)
29
Q

Describe Traumatic Neuroma

A
  • Not neoplasm but aberration of healing following trauma

- Mass of tangled regenerating nerve in scar tissue

30
Q

Locations where Traumatic Neuroma are most commonly found

A

Lateral and Anterior borders of tongue
Lower lip
at Mental Foramen

31
Q

T or F, Traumatic neuroma is asymptomatic and palpation produces no stimulus

A

False, Palpation produces pain

32
Q

Describe Neurofibroma

A

Benign neoplasm occurring in a nerve and composed of Schwann cells, axons and fibrous tissue

33
Q

Where are Neurofibromas found?

A

Can occur in most tissues and organs of body, including oral cavity, soft tissue and bone

Most Asymptomatic

34
Q

Describe Neurofibromatosis (Von Reckblinghausens Disease of Skin)

A

a developmental condition of neuroectoderm ranging from simple skin pigmentation to widespread involvement of central and peripheral nervous system

1/2 inherited as autosomal dominant trait
Other 1/2 somatic mutations (gene for most on chromosome #17)

35
Q

Describe appearance of Neurofibroma

A

light brown skin pigmentation (cafe-au-lait spots)

- Axillary freckling, pigmentary defects of iris (Lisch spots)

36
Q

Can Neurofibroma become malignant?

A

1-5% of patients develop malignancy in their neurofibromas

37
Q

Describe Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma)

A

Benign encapsulated neural neoplasm arising within the sheath or neurilemma of a peripheral nerve

38
Q

Clinical features of Neurilemmoma

A

Painless

Often freely movable

39
Q

Histological features of Neurilemmoma

A

Encapsulated neoplasm

Antoni A or Antoni B

40
Q

Describe the difference between Antoni A and Antoni B in a Neurilemmoma

A

Antoni A: Acellular areas of replicated basement membrane material surrounded by Schwann cell nuclei

Antoni B: Haphazardly arranged spindled Schwann cells in loose stroma

41
Q

Describe Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy

A

Neural crest tumor occurring almost exclusively in jaws but does occur in extragnathic sites

42
Q

Where and when do Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy appear

A

Most congenital - 1 year

Anterior jaws, Maxillary(more common)

43
Q

Clinical features of Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy

A 
Rapidly growing destructive radiolucency
Often pigmented (melanin)
Tumor cells produce VMA (Vanilymandelic Acid) in serum and urine
44
Q

Treatment of Melanotic neuroectodermal tumors of infancy

A

Aggressive curettage 10-20% recur

45
Q

Describe Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 3 (MEN 3) (2b)

A

95% of patients with mutation of RET gene, a photo-oncogene on chromosome 10

50% inherited as autosomal dominant
50% somatic mutation

46
Q

What are three signs or neuromas associated with a somatic mutation causing Describe Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 3 (MEN 3) (2b)

A 
Mucosal neuromas (predates other tumors)
Pheochromocytoma of adrenal medulla
Medullary carcinoma of thyroid (occurs in 90% of cases)

Oral Pathology (4 decks)

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