Class/Drugs/Mechanisms/Side Effects

Question 1

a1 antagonists drugs

Answer 1

all end in “osin”

“azosins”

Question 2

a1 antagonists mechanism

Answer 2

block a1 receptors on arterioles and venules

Question 3

a1 antagonists side effects/notes

Answer 3

orthostatic hypotension!!!!

and fainting…esp on first dose

Question 4

a2 agonist drugs

Answer 4

Clonidine

Methyldopa

Question 5

a2 agonist mechanism

Answer 5

decrease sympathetic outflow by stimulating CNS receptors (dropping CO and BP)

Question 6

a2 agonist side effects/notes

Answer 6

Clonidine…

• -Rebound HTN!!! if drug suddenly stopped
• -dry mouth
• -sedation
• -bradyarrhythmias

Methyldopa…

• -sedation
• -Positive coombs test
• -prodrug converted to a-methyl-NE

Question 7

beta-blockers drugs

Answer 7

“olols”

if different, has additional action

Question 8

beta-blockers mechanism

Answer 8

block post-synaptic b-receptors

Question 9

beta-blockers side effects/notes

Answer 9

CV disturbances
impotence
asthma

If lipophilic (crosses blood-brain barrier)…

• -sleep disturbances
• -sedation

Question 10

post-ganglionic sympathetic terminal blocker drugs

Answer 10

Reserpine

Question 11

post-ganglionic sympathetic terminal blocker mechanism

Answer 11

Destroys adrenergic synaptic vesicles

–>depleting NE and decreasing release

Question 12

post-ganglionic sympathetic terminal blocker side effects/notes

Answer 12

rarely used
depression
sedation
dry mouth
edema
bradycardia
night terrors (crosses blood-brain barrier)

Question 13

Ganglionic blocker drugs

Answer 13

Hexamethonium

Trimethaphan

Question 14

Ganglionic blocker mechanism

Answer 14

Ganglionic nicotinic antagonists that inhibit post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 15

Ganglionic blocker side effects/notes

Answer 15

Rarely used

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic blocked!!

Question 16

Calcium channel blocker Drugs

Answer 16

dihydropyridines
(“Pines”)

non-dihydropyridines
(Diltiazem, Verapamil)

Question 17

Dihydropyridines Mechanism

Answer 17

block L-type Calcium channels in smooth muscle

JUST VASCULAR ACTION!!!!!!

Question 18

Non-dihydropyridines mechanism

Answer 18

Block L-type Calcium channels in CARDIAC AND smooth muscle

Vascular AND heart action!!!!!

Question 19

Calcium channel blockers side effects/notes

Answer 19

constipation
edema
headache
bradycardia
GI disturbances
dizziness
AV block (non-dihydro...)
tachycardia (non-dihydro...)

Question 20

Drugs acting through NO

Answer 20

Hydralazine

Nitroprusside

Question 21

Drugs acting through NO mechanism

Answer 21

release endothelial NO

stimulate guanylate cyclase–>increase cGMP

Question 22

Hydralazine side effects/notes

Answer 22

reversible SLE-like syndrome
edema
arteriolar dilation

Question 23

Nitroprusside

Answer 23

For hypertensive emergencies
arteriolar and venous dilation
cyanide poisoning

Question 24

Drugs opening K channels

Answer 24

Minoxidil

Diazoxide

Question 25

Drugs opening K channels…MOA

Answer 25

open K channels–>hyperpolarization of VSM

Question 26

Minxidil side effects/notes

Answer 26

for severe HTN
hirsutism
pericardial effusion
edema

Question 27

Diazoxide side-effects/notes

Answer 27

For HT emergencies

hypoglycemia

Question 28

D1 agonists

Answer 28

Fenoldopam

Question 29

D1 agonist MOA

Answer 29

vasodilates renal vessels

Question 30

D1 agonists notes

Answer 30

for HT emergencies