class differences- internal factors

Question 1

labelling

Answer 1

teacher labelling based on stereotypes and prejudices which leads to the self fufilling prophecy
fuller= black girls (typically labelled as low achievers) worked hard to prove the teachers wrong.
evaluation –> gives too much importance to the teacher agency, structural sociologists argue that schools themeselves encourage labelling.

Question 2

self-fufilling prophecy

Answer 2

when the labelling assigned to a student comes true: a negative label on a w/c student would lead to the students forming an anti-school subculture which leads them to underachieve.
evaluation: rejection of the label can occur (fuller’s research)

Question 3

teacher expectations

Answer 3

teachers will communicate their expectations of a child through interations which may either raise or lower their self-esteem and therefore ability
Rosenthal and Jacobson –> the children falsely labelled as “spurters” achieved significantly higher than those who didnt

Question 4

setting and streaming

Answer 4

setting: students are placed into groups of ability within a subject
streaming: students are placed into groups of ability across all subjects
Keddie –> w/c are usually placed into lower streams/sets which use more low status vocab compared to the high status knowledge used in higher streams

evaluation: it allows for lower ability students to be supported, leads to achievement

Question 5

educational triage

Answer 5

Gillborn and Youdell –> studented are categorised in school into
- those who’ll pass
-those with potential
-hopeless cases (likely to be w/c)
teachers use this judgement to decide where to focus attention

Question 6

A-C economy

Answer 6

Gillborn and Youdell –> a result of the publishing of legue tables:
schools concentrate time into students most likely to achieve A-C grades which will go on to boost the school’s league table position

Question 7

pupil subcultures (form of polarisation)

Answer 7

antischool subcultures = lower streams, truanting and disruption

proschool subcultures = gain status through academic success

w/c are more likely to be a part of an antischool subculture which leads to academic failure
evaluation= not all students become part of said subcultures

Question 8

habitus

Answer 8

Bourdieu
- someone’s way of thinking, being and acting
- expalains why w/c may feel attcked by the school system

Question 9

symbolic violence

Answer 9

Archer –> Schools attack w/c students by devaluing who they are

Question 10

‘Nike’ identities

Answer 10

Archer –> students form their own school culture and gain symbolic capital (status among peers) thrugh consuming brands, which causes conflict with the school