Class Differences in Achievement - External Factors

Question 1

Who discusses cultural deprivation?

Answer 1

1) . Bernstein - speech codes.
2) . JWB Douglas - parental interest/primary socialisation.
3) . Sugarman - w/c subcultures.

Question 2

Bernstein?

Answer 2

Identified 2 speech codes =

• restricted = w/c.
• elaborated = m/c.

Question 3

JWB Douglas?

Answer 3

w/c parents placed less values on education, so weren’t ambitious for their children.

Question 4

Sugarman?

Answer 4

w/c subcultural values =

1) . fatalism.
2) . immediate gratification.
3) . collectivism.
4) . present-time orientation.

Question 5

Who are the material deprivation theorists?

Answer 5

1) . Howard - diet.
2) . Wilkinson - behavioural problems.
3) . Bull - ‘cost of free schooling’.
4) . Ridge/Flaherty - stigma.
5) . Callender and Jackson - debt adverse.

Question 6

Who developed the cultural capital theory?

Answer 6

Bourdieu =

1) . Economic capital = wealth of m/c families.
2) . Cultural capital = attitudes, values and skills of m/c.
3) . Educational capital = greater qualifications from economic/cultural capital.

Question 7

How does Leech and Campos’ study on catchment areas relate to Bourdieu’s cultural capital?

Answer 7

• Buying houses in catchment area drives up price and school success.
• So m/c parents transfer their economic capital to educational capital.