class-created questions part 2 Flashcards
While being assessed, it is noted that Max, a patient, cannot initiate or imitate mouth movements only.
What could Max be presenting with?
oral apraxia
A 70-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease presents with monopitch, reduced loudness, rapid speech, and imprecise articulation.
What type of dysarthria is most likely?
hypokinetic dysarthria
A patient’s uvula deviates to the right when they say “ahh.”
Which cranial nerve and side are affected?
Left CN X (Vagus) lesion
A patient presents with hypernasality, nasal emission, and a breathy voice following brain stem damage.
What type of dysarthria is most likely?
flaccid
A 62-year-old woman enters your practice with complaints of involuntary, jerky movements that have progressively worsened over the past few years. Her speech is slurred and characterized by sudden, irregular bursts of loudness, strained-strangled vocal quality, and imprecise articulation.
Based on these symptoms which is most likely the diagnosis?
hyperkinetic dysarthria
A 55-year-old man is referred to a speech-language pathologist after experiencing difficulty with speech following a left middle cerebral artery stroke. He complains that he “knows what he wants to say” but struggles to produce the words correctly. His speech is characterized by inconsistent sound errors, difficulty initiating speech, groping movements of the mouth, and increased difficulty with longer words.
What is most likely the diagnosis?
apraxia of speech
A 60-year-old man presents with progressive difficulty speaking, swallowing, and mild weakness in his arms over the past several months. His speech is slow and slurred, with a strained-strangled quality. Upon examination, you notice that he has upper and lower motor neuron signs, including spasticity, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations in the tongue. Reflexes are hyperactive in his upper limbs but diminished in his lower limbs.
What could be a potential diagnosis?
ALS
A 62 year old patient enters your facility and they exhibit the following characteristics: reduced loudness, short rushes of speech, monopitch and monoloudness, and a breathy vocal quality.
What is the most likely type of dysarthria associated with their condition?
hypokinetic dysarthria
You encounter a patient who recently had a left hemisphere stroke. You ask them to cough and they respond by saying the word “cough” instead of performing the action. This patient is likely experiencing:
nonverbal oral apraxia
A 55-year-old patient presents with slow speech, difficulty coordinating breathing and speech, imprecise consonants and prolonged phonemes and excessive and equal stress on syllables. You also notice that they have a difficult time standing and walking.
Based on these symptoms, what is the dysarthria type associated with their symptoms?
ataxic
A 68-year-old man presents with imprecise consonants, slow and regular alternating motion rates (AMRs), a strained-strangled voice, and shallow breathing. Neurological examination reveals increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes.
Which of the following types of motor speech disorder is most consistent with this presentation?
spastic
A client with Parkinson’s disease exhibits reduced loudness, short rushes of speech, mono-pitch, and muscle rigidity. You decide to focus intervention on increasing respiratory support and pacing strategies.
Which type of motor speech disorder are you most likely addressing?
hypokinetic
A patient comes to you after experiencing a TBI causing a subdural hematoma. The patient presents with hemiparesis and a labial droop. Their speech is breathy, mono-pitch,and slow. You also notice hypernasality when they speak.
What type of dysarthria does the patient have?
UUMN
A patient presents with muscle atrophy, fasciculations, and reduced reflexes. The patient has a weak, breathy voice, imprecise consonants, slow AMRs, and hypernasality.
What type of dysarthria does the patient have?
flaccid
A patient comes to see you because they had a stroke in the cerebellum. The patient has trouble standing and walking, overshooting and undershooting targets, and presents with jerky movements. The patient has irregular AMRs, irregular, repetitive movement, and prolonged phonemes.
What type of dysarthria does the patient have?
ataxic
A patient comes to see you due to a stroke in the Basal Ganglia. The patient presents with muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and shuffling gait. The patient presents with a monopitch and mono loudness speaking rate, imprecise consonants, and reduced loudness.
What type of dysarthria does the patient have?
hypokinetic
A patient presents with slurred speech, imprecise consonants, and irregular AMRs. Theys how signs of having difficulty coordinating voluntary movements.
What type of dysarthria does this patient most likely have?
ataxic
While completing an oral-motor exam, your patient exhibits a weak cough, poor palatal movement, and a breathy voice.
Which CN is most likely to be affected?
vagus
A patient is struggling to sustain /ah/ for more than 2 seconds, their /s/ and /z/ ratios are abnormal, and produce short phrases during connected speech.
What subsystem is most likely to be affected?
respiration and phonation
A patient presents with asymmetry in their facial expressions. The right side of their mouth is lower and they are unable to fully close their right eye.
Which task of the cranial nerve assessment would give the most information about the function of the facial nerve?
pucker your lips
A patient presents with weakness of muscle tone and muscle strength, imprecise consonants, hyper nasality, reduced reflexes, and weight loss.
What is the diagnosis of this patient?
flaccid
The patient has been diagnosed with dysarthria and is showing signs of apraxia, what type of dysarthria does this person have?
UUMN
A patient comes to see you because they have noticed a change in their voice. You assess the patient and they are observed to have a strained voiced and it is a low pitch. They are speaking in short phrases and have shallow breathing. To assess their articulation and rate you have them produce AMR’s p, t, and k, which they produced slow.
What disorder is your patient presenting with?
spastic
A patient experienced a stroke in the brainstem. They come into your clinic with physical symptoms of hypotonia and muscle atrophy. They appear to be running out of air as they speak and have a reduced vital capacity.
What type of dysarthria does this person present with
flaccid
This patient experienced a stroke and the lesion is on one side. They come into the clinic with physical symptoms of hemiparesis and labial droop. Their respiration is normal, but has imprecise consonants and irregular AMRs. Their prosody is mono-pitch and slow.
What type of dysarthria does this person have?
UUMN
This person’s site of lesion is in the basal ganglia. Their physical signs include bradykinesia and shuffling gait. Their resonance is normal, but their articulation and prosody is impaired. They have imprecise consonants, mumbling and short rushes of speech. They have reduced stress and are mono pitch.
What type of dysarthria does this person have?
hypokinetic
You are doing an oral-motor exam on a patient. You are assessing the tongue at rest and looking for fasciculations. You ask the patient to move their tongue from side to side as fastas they can. You test their resistance by using a tongue depressor.
What cranial nerve are you testing?
hypoglossal
A patient presents with a strained-strangled voice quality, slow rate of speech, and monoloudness. Their neurological exam reveals increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes.
What type of dysarthria is most likely present?
spastic
A 65-year-old patient with a history of Parkinson’s disease reports that their speech has become softer and faster. Upon examination, you note reduced loudness, short rushes of speech, and monopitch.
What type of dysarthria does this patient likely have?
hypokinetic
A patient recovering from a cerebellar stroke exhibits irregular speech rhythm, imprecise consonants, and a scanning prosody with excess and equal stress.
Which type of dysarthria is most consistent with these findings?
ataxic
A patient is experiencing weakness in the jaw and has difficulty chewing food. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
trigeminal
A patient comes into the clinic with physical symptoms of overactive and stiff muscles. Her speech can be characterized as slow, strained, and effortful.
Based on this, which of the following does the patient present with?
spastic
Matt was recently diagnosed with Parkinson’s. Matt presents with facial masking, resting tremors, short rushes of speech, and reduced loudness.
Based on this, which of the following does the patient present with?
hypokinetic
A patient comes into the clinic with physical symptoms of hypotonia, muscle atrophy ,and fasciculations. His speech can be characterized as weak and breathy and you notice audible nasal emission.
Based on his physical signs and speech characteristics, where do believe the patient’s site of lesion is located?
LMN
A patient comes into the clinic following a surgery to remove a tumor. The surgery left the patient with localized damage to the left hemisphere. While performing an evaluation, you notice ‘puh-tuh-kuh’ is poorly sequenced and that she has fewer errors in automatic speech than connected speech.
Which of the following does the patient most likely present with
apraxia of speech
A patient with suspected spastic dysarthria secondary to a TBI comes to the clinic for an evaluation. The patient’s family described that the patient often has sudden laughing and crying episodes at inappropriate and random times.
Which physical sign is the patient’s family describing?
pseudobulbar effect
Katie was previously diagnosed with Tourette’s syndrome. She is now experiencing excess movements, inconsistent loudness, and voice breaks.
Which dysarthria does the patient present with
hyperkinetic
Jane came to the clinic with complaints of voice breaking. She was then asked to count in the 80s and the 60s. After this was completed, the SLP noticed she had strained breaks when counting in the 80s.
What disorder does she have?
adductor laryngeal dystonia
Bob recently suffered from a subdural hematoma. He now has thick and slushy sounding consonants, reduced loudness, and breathiness in his voice.
What type of dysarthria does Bob have?
UUMN
Kate is a singer and is complaining of not being able to hit high pitches in her songs.
What nerve is likely affected?
external superior laryngeal nerve
A patient reports having Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. Which cranial nerve is affected?
facial
A patient presents with jerky movements, hypotonia, and difficulty standing and walking. Their speech is characterized by a slow rate, excess and equal stress, and prolonged phonemes. The lesion is located in the cerebellum.
What type of dysarthria does the patient have?
ataxic
A patient presents with tremors, rigidity, reduced facial expressiveness, and a shuffling gait.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
parkinson’s
A patient experiences weakness in the muscles of mastication and has difficulty chewing food. Upon examination, you note that both the masseter and temporalis muscles appear to be underperforming.
Which cranial nerve is most likely impacted?
trigeminal
A 58 year old patient suffered a stroke. His physical signs are balance difficulty while standing or walking, overshooting, and has consistent jerky movements. His speech characteristics are irregular AMR’s, imprecise consonants, and excess/equal stress.
What type of MSD would this be?
ataxic
A 28 year old individual is showing signs of droopy eyelids (Ptosis), double vision, neck and limb weakness. An electromyogram (EMG), blood test, and nerve conduction studies were done.
What would be a possible diagnosis for this patient?
mysathenia graves
A patient comes in with irregular repetitive movements, prolonged phonemes, prosodic excess, and some hypernasality.
Which of the following motor speech disorders is most likely?
ataxic
A patient with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) exhibits fast speech rate, strained-strangled vocal quality, monopitch, and monoloudness.
Which type of dysarthria is most characteristic of this condition?
hyperkinetic dysarthria
A patient presents with a left MCA stroke affecting the posterior frontal lobe and insula. The patient exhibits inconsistent speech errors, syllable segmentation, disfluencies, and increased errors with increased complexity.
Which of the following motor speech disorders is most likely
apraxia of speech
