Class-created questions Flashcards
A stroke in what lobe of the brain will often cause neglect to the opposite side?
parietal
You are preforming a non-speech oral motor exam on a patient. You ask them to stick out their tongue and you notice they have difficulty sustaining the movement and they have tongue fasciculations. What cranial nerve do you think is damaged?
hypoglossal
A patient has been referred for an evaluation who is having difficulty coordinating the movements required for speech. The patient knows what they want to say but struggles to produce the correct sounds and words due to motor planning issues. Which of the following is most likely affecting this patient?
apraxia of speech
You are working with a 68-year-old patient who presents with a noticeable shuffling gait, rest tremors, and muscle rigidity. These symptoms have progressively worsened over the past few months, leading to difficulty with balance and movement. Based on the clinical signs observed, what would you expect the most likely diagnosis to be?
Parkinson’s
A 60 year old man has been referred to you for an evaluation. You notice as he walks into the evaluation that he has an irregular gait. As you continue with the evaluation you also notice jerky movements, inaccuracy with his articulation, as well as a slow speaking rate, fluctuating resonance, and prosodic excess.
Which dysarthria diagnosis would be the most appropriate for the client?
ataxic
A 60 year old man has been referred to you for an evaluation. You notice as he walks into the evaluation that he has an irregular gait. As you continue with the evaluation you also notice jerky movements, inaccuracy with his articulation, as well as a slow speaking rate, fluctuating resonance, and prosodic excess.
If you performed an oral mech exam on this patient, what would most likely be your findings?
WNL
A 60 year old man has been referred to you for an evaluation. You notice as he walks into the evaluation that he has an irregular gait. As you continue with the evaluation you also notice jerky movements, inaccuracy with his articulation, as well as a slow speaking rate, fluctuating resonance, and prosodic excess.
Where would the lesion be located?
cerebellum
If we wanted to test the function of a patient’s CN IX, what test might we perform during an oral mech exam?
gag reflex
A 30 year old woman is referred to you for a speech and language evaluation. She has been experiencing facial weakness, ptosis, hypernasal speech, and breathiness. Her symptoms seem to worsen throughout the day and improve with rest.
- What type of dysarthria should this patient likely be diagnosed with?
- Her symptoms indicate that __________ is the underlying cause of her dysarthria.
flaccid; myasthenia gravis
What best distinguishes apraxia of speech from dysarthria?
impaired planning and programming of speech movements
A 58-year-old patient presents with a voice that sometimes sounds strained or suddenly cuts out. Their speech varies a lot—sometimes too loud, sometimes too soft—and they occasionally have sudden, jerky movements in their face and jaw while speaking. They also displayed involuntary lip smacking and tongue movements that interrupt their speech. These movements are not under their control.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
hyperkinetic dysarthria
A 70-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis has speech that sounds slow, strained, and effortful. They report that it takes a lot of work to speak and that their voice often sounds tight. Their speech is consistently slurred, and others describe it as sounding “choppy” or “stiff.” They also experience occasional choking while eating. During an oral motor assessment, their jaw reflexes were exaggerated, and their speech rate was very slow with equal stress on each syllable.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
spastic dysarthria
Which type of dysarthria is most associated with damage to the cerebellum?
ataxic
A patient presents with involuntary facial grimaces, and rapid, and jerky speech. The patient has been diagnosed with Huntington’s disease.
Which type of dysarthria would this patient likely present with?
hyperkinetic
A 73-year-old male with a history of a brainstem stroke presents with breathy, weak speech and hyper nasal vocal quality. His speech sounds are imprecise and during an oral examination his tongue appears to be weak. His reflexes are normal, but he struggles to maintain steady articulation and has difficulty controlling his vocal pitch and volume.
Based on this information, which is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?
flaccid
You’ve been asked to screen a patient’s language, cognition, and swallowing after admission to the ER for multiple strokes. Brain scans reveal infarcts in the left and right hemispheres.
- Based on the information from the brain scan, how could we describe the location of the damage?
- With this limited information, what type of dysarthria would we most likely expect?
- How might we expect the patient to perform on an oral motor exam?
- bilateral UMN
- spastic
- slow speech and strained-strangled voice quality
Which statement best differentiates apraxia from dysarthria and aphasia?
Apraxia is a disorder of planning and programming speech movements,
whereas dysarthria is a problem of motor control and execution, and aphasia involves linguistically based errors.
A doctor refers a patient for a speech evaluation due to vocal fatigue and a weak, breathy voice. An assessment reveals unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
Which cranial nerve is most likely involved?
vagus
A patient with a history of multiple strokes presents with slow speech, hypernasality, imprecise consonants, and a strained-strangled voice quality. Which of the following best describes this patient’s dysarthria?
spastic
Damage to this structure of the brain causes ipsilateral damage. It is divided into 3 lobes, and it is in charge of coordination and timing. Ataxic dysarthria is the result of this site of lesion.
cerebellum
A patient comes in and complains that their voice often sounds like it has breaks. You decided to do a test by having the patient count from 60-69 and then 80-89. The voice breaks occur during the counting of 80-89.
Which laryngeal dystonia does this patient present with?
adductor
You ask your client, a 25-year-old female to do a series of pitch glides. The client can correctly produce low pitches, but can’t access high pitches.
Which nerve branch is damaged?
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Which surgery may affect the Vagus nerve?
thyroidectomy and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
63-year-old male was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a TBI from an MVA. He has difficulty walking in a straight line, nystagmus, explosive loudness bursts, and irregular articulatory breakdowns.
What type of dysarthria does he have?
ataxic
During an oral motor exam, a patient exhibits jaw weakness, reduced bite strength, and difficulty with mastication.
Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?
trigeminal
A patient with Huntington’s disease presents with imprecise consonants, prolonged phonemes, and involuntary vocalizations. Their speech has unpredictable prosodic variations and inappropriate silences.
What type of dysarthria do they most likely have?
hyperkinetic
A 52-year-old patient presents with slurred, uncoordinated speech and irregular articulation. During the neurological exam, they exhibit difficulty with coordinating movements but show no signs of muscle weakness or paralysis.
Which part of the brain is most likely affected?
cerebellum
A 70-year-old female presents with a strain-strangled voice quality, short phrases, slow and regular AMRs, and a slow speech rate.
What type of dysarthria is this most likely?
spastic
Upon completing a cranial nerve assessment on a 60-year-old male, you observe a droopy lip and tongue protrusion to the contralateral weak side.
Which cranial nerves are likely impacted?
Which type of dysarthria is most consistent with these findings?
VII and XII; unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria
During an oral motor exam, which cranial nerve is primarily being assessed with the following tasks: cough, clear your throat, sustain a vowel, and perform a pitch glide?
vagus
Sam, a young man with an unknown etiology, started having difficulty speaking. It appears that he has vocal fold paralysis. What nerve was impacted?
the recurrent laryngeal nerve
