Class A T/o

Question 1

Vef

Answer 1

Speed designation for the worst point for an engine failure as it could cause confusion at V1

Question 2

VR

Answer 2

Point at which the pilot starts to apply rearward pressure on the control stick

Question 3

Vlof

Answer 3

Point at which the main wheels leave the surface of the r/y

Question 4

V2

Answer 4

Speed at the screen height

Question 5

Order a speed for t/o speeds for class A

Answer 5

Vef - at least 1 sec < V1 <= VR

Question 6

The effects on V1 speeds

Answer 6

Downslope - v1 will be slower - need a longer stopping distance
Headwind - increase v1, tailwind - reduce

Wet - vstop will be slower - Vgo would not change

Normal conditions - vgo is slower than vstop

In the wet - screen height goes to 15ft

Question 7

Best V1 speeds for vstop/vgo

Answer 7

Vstop - higher - gives you better opportunity to stop

Vgo - lower - allows you to get off the ground quicker

Question 8

Vmb

Answer 8

Velocity for max brake energy

Mass/type of brakes will determine this
Indicated speed but requires slowing of the GS
Must be at least as fast as V1
V1 cannot exceed Vmb

Question 9

Making the go decision at V1

Answer 9

Need to take into account VMCG

VMCG must be smaller than V1

VMCG is the faster of the Vmc speeds

Question 10

VR restrictions

Answer 10

May not be less than
V1
1.05 Vmc

Needs to be a speed that allows V2 to be reached before reaching the screen height of 35 ft
Or
A speed that if the a/c is rotated to its practical max results in a satisfactory Vlof

Question 11

Vmu

Answer 11

Min unstick speed

Lowest CAS at which an a/c can safely lift of the ground and continue the t/o climb without hazard

Varies with air density

Question 12

Vtyres

Answer 12

High CAS can cause the tyres to spin too fast and cause them to get too hot

Vlof <= Vtyres

Question 13

Vlof restrictions

Answer 13

Vlof <= Vtyres

Aerodynamically limited - Vlof may not be less than

1. 10 Vmu - all engine
2. 05 Vmu - 1 eng out

Geometry limited

1. 08 Vmu - all eng
2. 04 Vmu - 1 eng out

Question 14

V2 restriction

Answer 14

V2 min may not be less than

1.1 Vmc
Or
1.13 Vsr (ref stall speed) - margin is reduced to 1.08 for 4 engine turbo props and some jets

Question 15

How to find TOD dry

Answer 15

The greater off

TOD n-1 (gross)
Or
TODdry x 1.15

Question 16

Class A definition of TOR

Answer 16

BR to halfway between Vlof and 35ft

Question 17

How to find TORdry

Answer 17

Greater of

TORdry

TOR x 1.15

TOR n-1

Question 18

Finding TOD in the wet

Answer 18

Screen height is 15ft

The greater of

TODdry (greater of TODdry and TODdry n -1)
TOD n-1 wet

Question 19

Finding TOR in the wet

Answer 19

The greater of

TOR wet x 1.15

TOR n-1 wet (to 15ft screen height)

Question 20

Finding ASD

Answer 20

Braking is assumed to start at V1

The greater of
ASD on a dry r/y

ASDn + ASDn-1 for a dry r/y except that the r/y is wet and the corresponding wet r/y for Vef and V1 are used

Question 21

Why does a higher V1 reduce TODR but increase ASDR

Answer 21

Longer ASDA req if a later decision to stop is made

Question 22

Why does a higher V1 increase obstacle clearance

Answer 22

Less acceleration distance under eng failure conditions - shorter distance to Vlof/reaching screen height - increasing the distance available to climb

Question 23

Why does a lower V1 increase obstacle clearance

Answer 23

Longer acceleration in engine failure condition

Longer distance to Vlof and longer TODR