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Neuropath 2 > Class 7 - Infectious Neuropathies > Flashcards

Class 7 - Infectious Neuropathies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the incubation period (typically) for Lyme disease?

A

1-2 weeks

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2
Q

When is the highest risk of infection for Lyme disease?

A

between the weather warming up in spring and through till the fall

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of Lyme disease?

A

Early localized
Early disseminated
Late disease (chronic)

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4
Q

Acute neurological issues associated with Lyme disease are termed:
And occur in ___% of untreated patients

A

neuroborreliosis

10-15%

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5
Q

What are some notable early, localized symptoms of Lyme disease?

A

erythema migrans (the bulls eye rash)*
fever, myalgia, malaise, arthralgia, headache
tender, localized adenopathy*

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6
Q

What is Banwarth syndrome?

A

nerve pain radiating out from the spine as a chronic symptom of Lyme disease

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7
Q

Botulism has a __% mortality rate. Symptoms onset within __ to __ hours after ingestion of the food.

A

20%

12-36 hours

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8
Q

Symptoms of botulism are ascending/descending, symmetrical/asymmetrical, and will have normal/affected sensory and mental functions:

A

DESCENDING,
SYMMETRICAL
NORMAL

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9
Q

How quickly will respiratory failure after symptom onset occur with botulism?

A

6-8 hours

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10
Q

Herpes viruses remain dormant in the ____ ganglia of _____ nerves.

A

sensory ganglia (dorsal root) of cranial and spinal nerves

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11
Q

Post-herpetic neuralgia pain can last ___ to ___ after the initial symptoms

A

months to years

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12
Q

What is Ramsey-Hunt syndrome?

A

when shingles affects the facial nerve near the ears

  • loss of taste
  • vessicles on tympanic membrane & external auditory meatus
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13
Q

What drug is commonly used to manage post-herpetic neuralgia?

A

Acyclovir (antiviral)

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14
Q

What is the name of the vaccine to prevent shingles?

A

Zostavax vaccine

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15
Q

Up to __% of people will experience a 2nd shingles attack

A

20%

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16
Q

Poliomyelitis is also called…

A

infantile paralysis

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17
Q

About __% of polio infections have no symptoms at all!

A

90%

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of polio?

A

spinal (most common) = asymmetrical paralysis, usually in legs
bulbar = weakness of mm innervated by cranial nerves
bulbospinal = combination of the above

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19
Q

What is the name of the polio vaccine?

A

Salk-Sabine vaccine

20
Q

Post-polio syndrome can occur even __ years after initial infection

A

20-25 years

21
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia can be the first sign of…

A

MS, diabetes, or B12 deficiency

22
Q

Tic douloureaux most commonly involves which division of the trigeminal nerve? Which is LEAST common?

A

most common: maxillary

least common: ophthalmic

23
Q

What are two common tx for TN?

A

tegretol (medication)
radiofrequency ablation

also: nerve decompression, nerve section, alcohol ablation

24
Q

Botulism has a __% rate of mortality

A

20

25
Q

Why is botulism deadly? (Pathogenesis)

A

Inhibits ACh release, causing symmetrical, flaccid paralysis but normal sensory and mental functions, eventually leading to respiratory failure within 6-8 hours

26
Q

Symptoms of botulism will onset ___ after ingestion of food

A

12-36 hours

27
Q

Herpes zoster (VZV) hides in the ___ and travels along ____ nerves

A

sensory ganglia of cranial & spinal nerves and travels along SENSORY nerves

28
Q

How does shingles affect nerves?

A

demyelination and degeneration occurs

29
Q

What is post-herpetic neuralgia? How long can it last?

A

constant aching, burning, stabbing pain after the rash that can last months to years after the symptoms

30
Q

What is Ramsey-Hunt syndrome?

A

shingles infection of the facial nerve near the ears

31
Q

How is polio primarily spread?

A

fecal to oral route

32
Q

What percentage of polio cases are asymptomatic?

A

90%

33
Q

In fewer than _% of cases, poliomyelitis virus will enter the CNS and destroy motor neurons.

A

1%

34
Q

What are the 3 types of polio?

A

1) spinal (most common)
2) bulbar polio
3) bulbospinal polio

35
Q

Spinal polio, the most common form, is characterized by…

A

asymmetric paralysis most often seen in the legs

36
Q

Poliovirus is an ___virus

A

entero (intestinal)

37
Q

What is the Salk-sabine vaccine used for?

A

polio

38
Q

Poliomyelitis, if infecting the CNS, presents like…

A

aseptic meningitis (headache, stiff neck, fever) + flaccid paralysis

39
Q

Post-polio syndrome is also called PPMA, standing for:

A

post-polio muscular atrophy

40
Q

Postpolio syndrome can occur even ___ years after initial infection

A

25-35 years

41
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia can cause paralysis of…

A

chewing muscles

42
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia can be the first sign of…

A

MS
Diabetes
B12 deficiency

43
Q

The __ division of the trigeminal nerve is most commonly involved in TN

A

maxillary

44
Q

What is Tegretol?

A

anticonvulsant used to treat TN that has many side effects

45
Q

Treatments for trigeminal neuralgia include…

A

radiofrequency ablation
nerve decompression
nerve resection
alcohol ablation

Neuropath 2 (9 decks)

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