Class 2 - IVD

Question 1

The most common segments for cervical DDD are…

Answer 1

C5/6 and C6/7

Question 2

C5/C6 radiculopathy will see weakness in which muscles?

Answer 2

deltoid and biceps

Question 3

C6/C7 radiculopathy will see weakness in which mm?

Answer 3

triceps

Question 4

What is a myelogram?

Answer 4

x-ray study involving injection of a dye into the spinal canal to assess the nerve roots

Question 5

Viscerogenic pain in the neck/arm may come from…

Answer 5

lesions of the pharynx, larynx, and upper part of the trachea & esophagus

Question 6

Vasculogenic pain in the neck/arm may come from…

Answer 6

angina pectoris and myocardial infarction

Question 7

What is a pancoast tumor?

Answer 7

neoplasm at the apex of the lung (rare)

Question 8

What is spondylogenic pain?

Answer 8

pain from osseous or soft tissue lesions of the spine

spondylogenic = originating from the spine

Question 9

What is acute lumbago?

Answer 9

acute low back pain

Question 10

Non-surgical medical tx for herniated discs include…

Answer 10

NSAIDs
oral steroids
epidural (cortisone) injections
physical therapy
osteopathy or chiropractic care

Question 11

Patients with ___ DDD need medical clearance to receive RMT tx

Answer 11

cervical

Question 12

Viscerogenic pain in the low back is _____ by activity

Answer 12

NOT aggravated

Question 13

What is the most common cause of LBP?

Answer 13

spondylogenic pain - with or without sciatica

Question 14

What structures are innervated by the cauda equina nerves?

Answer 14

internal & external anal sphincter
sensory innervation of perineum
PNS of bladder (partially)
pelvic organs
lower limbs

Question 15

What is cauda equina syndrome (CES)?

Answer 15

serious neuro condition where extreme pressure and swelling of the nerves in the cauda equina causes acute loss of function!!!

a LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION

Question 16

What can cause cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 16

MOST COMMON: severe disc herniation/rupture in the lumbar region!!!

spinal stenosis
nerve infection/inflammation
hemorrhage, fracture, severe injury (complication)
birth defect

Question 17

What are the signs/symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 17

altered sensation or progressive/severe weakness/numbness in lower extremities
hard to walk
loss of or strange sensation in SADDLE AREA

urinary or bowel incontinence - urine retention or loss of rectal control

LBP, often aching in a localized area

sharp, stabbing leg pain

Question 18

What is the medical tx for cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 18

emergency decompression of spinal canal - high doses of corticosteroids