Class 7 Flashcards
A cancer of the tongue that measures 3 cm at the greatest point with no evidence of metastisis to the lymph nodes would be staged as a _________.
*Stage II cancer.
Surgery to remove only 1/8 of the larynx would be classified as a __________________.
*Partial laryngectomy
Your client has had recent surgery for laryngeal cancer. He is complaining of redness and burning of the skin on his neck, fatigue, loss of appetite, and persistent dry mouth. You tell him that these are symptoms of_____________.
*Radiation Therapy.
Nearly half of all men and one-third of all women will have some form of cancer in their lifetime.
*True
The surgery to place a tube into the trachea below the larynx is called a __________________.
*Tracheotomy
It is not considered to be your role as an SLP to diagnose and treat esophageal dysphagia. You should refer to a gastroenterologist in most cases.
*True
A Zenker’s Diverticulum is__________.
*A pocket of tissue that forms in the wall of the esophagus trapping food particles during peristalsis.
A trach. tube with an outer cannula, inner cannula, obturator, pilot balloon and fenestration hole on top would be a ____________tracheostomy tube.
*Cuffed
The use of a cuffed tracheostomy tube is 100% effective at preventing aspiration from occuring.
*False
Which of the following were findings of Nguyen and associates (2006) in the article, “Aspiration rate following chemoradiation for head and neck cancer: An underreported occurance?”
Aspriation folowing chemoradiation therapy was significant.
The prevalence of aspriation follwoing chemoradiation is underreported in the literature.
Cancer treatment teams should include a modified barium swallow to diagnose aspiration in this population.
*All of the above were findings of this team of researchers.
Read the Clinical Case Example 6-1 on pages 119-120 of your textbook. This vignette suggests that swallowing therapy with a patient with head and neck cancer is unreliable and not recommended.
*False
In the article, “Case-control study of human papilloma virus and oropharyngeal cancer” in the New England Journal of Medicine, D’Souza, et al. found that the oral HPV virus is strongly associated with oropharyngeal cancer among subjects without risk factors of alcohol and tobacco use.
*True
• Cancer
- Second leading cause of death in the USA
- Half of all men and one-third of all women will have some form of cancer.
- Cell growth that is out of control.
- Risk factors for head and neck cancer:
- TOBACCO USE
- HEAVY ALCOHOL USE
- POOR ORAL HYGIENE
- MECHANICAL IRRITATION
• Early Diagnosis
• Signs and Symptoms
(See Box 6-1 text)
General warning signs of head & Neck cancer: • Unexplained weight loss • Fever • Fatigue • Pain
Specific symptoms: • Change in bowel or bladder function • Sores that do not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge • Thickening or a lump • Indigestion or difficulty swallowing • Change in a mole or wart • Nagging cough or hoarseness
• Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Team Members
- Head and Neck surgeon
- Radiation oncologist
- Medical oncologist
- Dentist
- Prosthedontist
- Social worker
- Nutritionist
- Rehabilitation specialists
- Speech-Language Pathologist
- Occupational Therapist
- Physical Therapist
Defining Cancers (Box 6-4 of Text)
Benign or malignant TNM • Tumor- size of the tumor 0-4 • Nodes- lymph nodes involved 0-3 • Metastasis –spreading 0-1
Staging:
• See Box 6-5, page 103
• Surgical treatments (Box 6-6,page 104)
- Primary tumor surgery:
- Mandibulectomy:
- Mandibulotomy:
- Maxillectomy:
- Mohs surgery:
- Laser surgery:
- Laryngectomy:
- Partial laryngectomy:
- Laryngopharyngectomy:
- Tracheostomy:
- Gastrostomy:
- Neck Dissection:
- Reconstructive surgery
• Radiation Therapy
High-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumor.
Different types:
• External-beam radiation- one-daily, high-beam hits tumor and surrounding tissue
• Intensity-modulated radiation – hits just the tumor
• Hyperfractionation (small does several times a day)
• Internal radiation therapy
• Radiation Side effects: (Box 6-8, page 105)
- Redness skin irritation
- Salivary glands change
- Bone pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- Mouth sores or sore throat
- Dental problems
- Painful swallowing
- Loss of appetite
- Reduced sense of taste (smell)
- Earaches/hardening of ear wax
- Hypothyroidism
- Fibrosis- reduced movement
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Bone, cartilage soft tissue death
