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Dysphagia > Class 6 - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Class 6 - Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Maternal Conditions

  • Poor ___
  • Multi-___
  • Abnormal ____
  • ____
  • ___/____ abuse
  • Medical disorders:
    1. ____
    2. ____ disease
    3. ____
  • ______
  • ______
A
  • Poor diet
  • Multi-parity (+3 living children)
  • Abnormal weight (200 lbs.)
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol or drug abuse
  • Medical disorders:
    1. Diabetes
    2. Cardiac disease
    3. Preeclampsia
  • Corticosteroids
  • Anemia
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2
Q

Maternal effects, continued

  • Infections:
    1. _____
    2. _____ diseases
    3. _____
    4. _____
    5. ______
    6. ______
A
  • Infections:
    1. Streptococcus
    2. Sexually transmitted diseases
    3. Toxoplasmosis
    4. Cytomegalovirus
    5. Herpes
    6. Rubella
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3
Q

Intrapartum:

  • _____ labor
  • ______
  • _____ placentae,
  • Placenta ____,
  • ___ ____ prolapse
  • _____ delivery
  • _____ delivery
  • Shoulder _____
  • Obstetric _____
  • Obstetric _____
A
  • Preterm labor
  • Medications
  • Abruptio placentae,
  • Placenta previa,
  • Umbilical cord prolapse
  • Breech delivery
  • Ceasarian delivery
  • Shoulder dystocia
  • Obstetric analgesia
  • Obstetric anesthesia
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4
Q

Prematurity

-Before ___ weeks- preterm
-___% of all US births are
premature
-2% less than ___ weeks
-Often _____ births are premature
-___% twins;___% triplets
-Viable at ____ weeks
-Low ____

A

-Before 37 weeks- preterm
-12% of all US births are
premature
-2% less than 32 weeks
-Often multiple births are premature
-57% twins; 93% triplets
-Viable at 23 weeks
-Low weight (normal weight 2500-3999 grams)

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5
Q

Potential Problems in Newborns

  • _______
  • Cardiovascular
  • _______
  • Hematologic
  • _______
  • Gastrointestinal
  • _______
  • Renal
  • _______ regulatory
  • Immunologic
  • _______
A
  • Respiratory
  • Cardiovascular
  • Neurologic
  • Hematologic
  • Nutritional
  • Gastrointestinal
  • Metabolic
  • Renal
  • Temperature regulatory
  • Immunologic
  • Opthalmalologic
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6
Q

Special Problems

=Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

  1. Infection or decreased ____ to the ____
  2. Variable _____
  3. _____ not well known
  4. Restricted from _____
  5. ___ & _____
  6. _______ effects
A

=Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

  1. Infection or decreased blood supply to the intestine
  2. Variable severity
  3. Causes not well known
  4. Restricted from oral feedings
  5. Signs and symptoms
  6. Long-term effects
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7
Q

Special Problems

=Gastroesophogeal Reflux/ Disease  (GER/GERD)
1. definition?
2. GER Common in \_\_\_\_\_and others
3. GERD = \_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_
4. \_\_\_\_\_ compromise 
5. Treatments
=\_\_\_\_\_\_
=\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

=Gastroesophogeal Reflux/ Disease (GER/GERD)
1. Flow of stomach contents back into esophagus
2. GER Common in premature infants and others
3. GERD = pathological or complicated
4. Respiratory compromise
5. Treatments
=Positioning
=Medications

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8
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis:

A

inflammation,

tenderness

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9
Q

pneumatosis

A
  • air in the bowel wall of the intestine,

- NEC caused by infection or decreased blood supply to the intestine

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10
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis and pneumatosis

Signs:

A 
respiratory problems 
(acidosis, 
apnea, 
bradycardia, 
distress,
hypotension, 
irritability, 
lethargy, 
poor feeding, 
temperature problems)
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11
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis and pneumatosis

Abdominal:

A
  • abdominal distention
  • bloody stools,
  • decreased or absent bowel sounds
  • emesis
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12
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis and pneumatosis

Long term:

A 
chronic diarrhea 
feeding disorders 
malabsorption 
strictures, 
short-bowel syndrome
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13
Q

GERD- Respiratory problems

A 
aspiration pneumonia, 
apnea
chronic cough,
laryngospasm, 
reactive airway disease
stridor,
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14
Q

Fistulas

  • Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Atresia (TEF)
  • Esophageal Fistula
    1. Occur early in ___ trimester
    2. ____ variants
    3. Clinical signs
    4. Requires ___ intervention
    5. __ ___ concerns
A
  • Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Atresia (TEF)
  • Esophageal Fistula
    1. Occur early in first trimester
    2. Five variants
    3. Clinical signs
    4. Requires surgical intervention
    5. Post operative concerns
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15
Q

Respiratory Disorders

==_____- RDS (Hyaline Membrane Disease)

  • Usually seen with ____
  • Treatment:
    1. ______(CPAP)-can’t feed
    2. _______ pressure (PEEP)
    3. ___ ___tx, oxygen, ventilation
  • Complications long-term: ___ _____
  • Oral and _____ abnormalities
  • Long-term ______
A

== Respiratory Distress Syndrome- RDS (Hyaline Membrane Disease)

  • Usually seen with prematurity
  • Treatment:
    1. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-can’t feed
    2. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
    3. Surficant replacement tx, oxygen, ventilation
  • Complications long-term: bronchopulmonary dysphasia
  • Oral and pharyngeal abnormalities
  • Long-term tube feeding
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16
Q

Respiratory disorders (notes section)

A 
Acidosis
Apnea
Duskiness
Hypoxemia
Nasal flaring
Paradoxic breathing
Tachypneic
17
Q

More Respiratory Issues

=Apnea

  • __ __ ___
  • More than ___ seconds
  • Also shows ____
  • Premature infants: apneic periods of __-__ seconds then 5-10 seconds of __ ___
  • At least __% of premies (below 1800 grams/34 weeks) have at least one apneic episode; all infants less than ___ weeks)
  • Usually gone by 34-35 weeks or more
  • Causes: CNS versus obstructive
    1. Immature ____
    2. Also: ___, metabolic disorder, impaired oxygenation system, ___ ___, intracranial lesions, poor ____ regulations and GERD
  • Treatment: Monitoring + stimulation
  • Medications
A

=Apnea

  • Cessation of breathing
  • More than 20 seconds
  • Also shows bradycardia
  • Premature infants: apneic periods of 5-10 seconds then 5-10 seconds of rapid breathing
  • At least 25% of premies (below 1800 grams/34 weeks) have at least one apneic episode; all infants less than 28 weeks)
  • Usually gone by 34-35 weeks or more
  • Causes: CNS versus obstructive
    1. Immature chemocontrol
    2. Also: infections, metabolic disorder, impaired oxygenation system, maternal drugs, intracranial lesions, poor temperature regulations and GERD
  • Treatment: Monitoring + stimulation
  • Medications
18
Q

More Respiratory Issues

=Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

  1. Inflammation and Scarring of
  2. Seen in ____
  3. Abnormal development of the ____ tissue
  4. Causes:
A

=Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

  1. Inflammation and Scarring of
  2. Seen in premies
  3. Abnormal development of the lung tissue
  4. Causes:

Dysphagia (13 decks)

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