Chapter 3 Flashcards
Ankyloglossia
Ankyloglossia - short frenum
Apnea
Apnea- stopping of breath
Atelectasis
Atelectasis – alveoli in lungs don’t expand or collapse
Atresia
Atresia – absence of normal opening
Atresia choanae
Atresia choanae – posterior nasal cavity not open
Bradycardia
Bradycardia – drop in heart rate below 90 bpm
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – chronic lung disorder seen in neonates- requires ventilator
Choelstatic jaundice
Choelstatic jaundice – caused by bile in liver
Cyanotic
Cyanotic – bluish color due to lack of oxygen
Embryogensis
Embryogensis- development of embryo
Gavage feedings
Gavage feedings – feeding through tube
Hypoplasia
Hypoplasia – incomplete development of tissue or organ
Mandibular hypoplasia
Mandibular hypoplasia – incomplete development of mandible
Microcephaly
Microcephaly – small head
Micrognathia
Micrognathia – small mandible
Moebius sequence
Moebius sequence – sequence of events in utero, damage to CN and face
Neonate
Neonate - newborn
Phenyldetonuria (PKU)
Phenyldetonuria (PKU) –metabolic disorder at birth
Pierre Robin Syndrome
Pierre Robin Syndrome – symptom cluster: small mandible, tongue, clefts of hard palate
Spina bifida
Spina bifida – defect in spinal column
Subglottic stenosis
Subglottic stenosis – narrowing or trachea
Tachycardia
Tachycardia – elevated heart rate
Tachynpea
Tachynpea – elevated level of breathing
Toxemia
Toxemia – toxic products in blood
Tracheomalacia
Tracheomalacia – softening of tracheal cartilages
Transitional feeding
Transitional feeding – stage of eating from liquid to solid
Embryonic Development
- ___ stages of development
- ___ ___: end of 8th week
- __ ___-9 weeks to birth
- Fetus viable after __ weeks
- After __ - ___ week can survive with medical support
- 4th-8th week crucial to ___ and ___development (cranial nerves formed ___-___week)
- 23 stages of development
- Embryonic Period: end of 8th week
- Fetal period-9 weeks to birth
- Fetus viable after 23 weeks
- After 25-29th week can survive with medical support
- 4th-8th week crucial to neural and organ development (cranial nerves formed 5th-6th week)
Swallowing Development
- Early in 4th Week: ___ ___ develops
- Non-nutrative sucking- __-___weeks, seen in “premies” at __ - __ weeks
- 12th-13th week- swallows __ __
- ___ reflex by 32 weeks
- ___ nerve, taste buds- 12-13 weeks
- Smell by __-__ weeks
- Birth-learns __-__-__ patterns
- Stable pattern by __-__ weeks (necessary for breast or bottle feeding)
- Early in 4th Week: Pharyngeal apparatus develops
- Non-nutrative sucking- 11th-12th weeks, seen in “premies” at 27-28 weeks
- 12th-13th week- swallows amniotic fluid
- Rooting reflex by 32 weeks
- Trigeminal nerve, taste buds- 12-13 weeks
- Smell by 28-29 weeks
- Birth-learns suck-swallow-breathe patterns
- Stable pattern by 34-36 weeks (necessary for breast or bottle feeding)
Premature Infants
~2 major prerequisites (Arvedson, 1996)
- Strong, rhythmic __ ____ (2 per second)
- Stable ___
Arvedson says….most achieve oral feeding at __-__ weeks, some strong babies at __ weeks.
~2 major prerequisites (Arvedson, 1996)
- Strong, rhythmic non-nutrative suck (2 per second)
- Stable airway
Arvedson says….most achieve oral feeding at 34-37 weeks, some strong babies at 32 weeks.
Normal Anatomy
~Differs from adult:
- Hyoid is…
- __ __ in pharynx
- Larynx more __ and __
- Tongue relatively ___-fills oral cavity
- __ ___ stabilize cheeks
- Small ___ makes tongue seem large
- ___ breathers
- the __ and __ touch each other in the child
~Differs from adult:
- Hyoid is high in the neck
- Gentle curve in pharynx
- Larynx more superior and anterior
- Tongue relatively larger-fills oral cavity
- Sucking pads stabilize cheeks
- Small mandible makes tongue seem large
- Nasal breathers
- epiglottis and soft palate
In first years
~Breathe through \_\_ and \_\_\_ ~\_\_ \_\_\_ disappear ~Neck \_\_\_ ~\_\_\_ \_\_\_ increases ~\_\_\_ changes between naso- and oro-pharynx
~Breathe through mouth and nose ~Sucking pads disappear ~Neck elongates ~Laryngeal vestibule increases ~Angle changes between naso- and oro-pharynx
Developmental Milestones
~Sucking vs. suckling: -Initially suckle-, \_\_-\_\_ \_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_/\_\_\_ motion -Lips are \_\_\_ ~Develop sucking pattern \_\_-\_\_ months old -\_\_\_ moves up and down -More organized expression of \_\_\_
~Sucking vs. suckling: -Initially suckle-, 2nd-3rd trimester -Backward/forward motion -Lips are loose ~Develop sucking pattern -6-9 months old -Tongue moves up and down -More organized expression of milk
Nutrative vs. non-nutrative suckling
~Non-nutrative- sucking air or fist -More \_\_\_ -\_\_ per second -6-8 per \_\_\_ ~Nutrative- bottle or nipple -Initially a long burst of sucks changing to more \_\_\_ -\_\_ per second -Young infants: \_\_:\_\_ suck to swallow; older \_\_-\_\_ sucks per swallow
~Non-nutrative- sucking air or fist -More repetitive -6 per second -6-8 per swallow ~Nutrative- bottle or nipple -Initially a long burst of sucks changing to more intermittent -One per second -Young infants: 1:1 suck to swallow; older 2-3 sucks per swallow
Infant Swallowing Reflexes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Gag Phasic bite Tongue protrusion Rooting Suckling swallowing
Apgar Scores
4 skills
Score 0,1,2
Interpreted as:
Poor=
Fair=
Good=
Poor=0-3;
Fair=4-7;
Good=7-10
