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dysphagia > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Ankyloglossia - short frenum

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2
Q

Apnea

A

Apnea- stopping of breath

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3
Q

Atelectasis

A

Atelectasis – alveoli in lungs don’t expand or collapse

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4
Q

Atresia

A

Atresia – absence of normal opening

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5
Q

Atresia choanae

A

Atresia choanae – posterior nasal cavity not open

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

Bradycardia – drop in heart rate below 90 bpm

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7
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – chronic lung disorder seen in neonates- requires ventilator

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8
Q

Choelstatic jaundice

A

Choelstatic jaundice – caused by bile in liver

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9
Q

Cyanotic

A

Cyanotic – bluish color due to lack of oxygen

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10
Q

Embryogensis

A

Embryogensis- development of embryo

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11
Q

Gavage feedings

A

Gavage feedings – feeding through tube

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12
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Hypoplasia – incomplete development of tissue or organ

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13
Q

Mandibular hypoplasia

A

Mandibular hypoplasia – incomplete development of mandible

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14
Q

Microcephaly

A

Microcephaly – small head

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15
Q

Micrognathia

A

Micrognathia – small mandible

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16
Q

Moebius sequence

A

Moebius sequence – sequence of events in utero, damage to CN and face

17
Q

Neonate

A

Neonate - newborn

18
Q

Phenyldetonuria (PKU)

A

Phenyldetonuria (PKU) –metabolic disorder at birth

19
Q

Pierre Robin Syndrome

A

Pierre Robin Syndrome – symptom cluster: small mandible, tongue, clefts of hard palate

20
Q

Spina bifida

A

Spina bifida – defect in spinal column

21
Q

Subglottic stenosis

A

Subglottic stenosis – narrowing or trachea

22
Q

Tachycardia

A

Tachycardia – elevated heart rate

23
Q

Tachynpea

A

Tachynpea – elevated level of breathing

24
Q

Toxemia

A

Toxemia – toxic products in blood

25
Q

Tracheomalacia

A

Tracheomalacia – softening of tracheal cartilages

26
Q

Transitional feeding

A

Transitional feeding – stage of eating from liquid to solid

27
Q

Embryonic Development

  • ___ stages of development
  • ___ ___: end of 8th week
  • __ ___-9 weeks to birth
  • Fetus viable after __ weeks
  • After __ - ___ week can survive with medical support
  • 4th-8th week crucial to ___ and ___development (cranial nerves formed ___-___week)
A
  • 23 stages of development
  • Embryonic Period: end of 8th week
  • Fetal period-9 weeks to birth
  • Fetus viable after 23 weeks
  • After 25-29th week can survive with medical support
  • 4th-8th week crucial to neural and organ development (cranial nerves formed 5th-6th week)
28
Q

Swallowing Development

  • Early in 4th Week: ___ ___ develops
  • Non-nutrative sucking- __-___weeks, seen in “premies” at __ - __ weeks
  • 12th-13th week- swallows __ __
  • ___ reflex by 32 weeks
  • ___ nerve, taste buds- 12-13 weeks
  • Smell by __-__ weeks
  • Birth-learns __-__-__ patterns
  • Stable pattern by __-__ weeks (necessary for breast or bottle feeding)
A
  • Early in 4th Week: Pharyngeal apparatus develops
  • Non-nutrative sucking- 11th-12th weeks, seen in “premies” at 27-28 weeks
  • 12th-13th week- swallows amniotic fluid
  • Rooting reflex by 32 weeks
  • Trigeminal nerve, taste buds- 12-13 weeks
  • Smell by 28-29 weeks
  • Birth-learns suck-swallow-breathe patterns
  • Stable pattern by 34-36 weeks (necessary for breast or bottle feeding)
29
Q

Premature Infants

~2 major prerequisites (Arvedson, 1996)

  1. Strong, rhythmic __ ____ (2 per second)
  2. Stable ___

Arvedson says….most achieve oral feeding at __-__ weeks, some strong babies at __ weeks.

A

~2 major prerequisites (Arvedson, 1996)

  1. Strong, rhythmic non-nutrative suck (2 per second)
  2. Stable airway

Arvedson says….most achieve oral feeding at 34-37 weeks, some strong babies at 32 weeks.

30
Q

Normal Anatomy

~Differs from adult:

  • Hyoid is…
  • __ __ in pharynx
  • Larynx more __ and __
  • Tongue relatively ___-fills oral cavity
  • __ ___ stabilize cheeks
  • Small ___ makes tongue seem large
  • ___ breathers
  • the __ and __ touch each other in the child
A

~Differs from adult:

  • Hyoid is high in the neck
  • Gentle curve in pharynx
  • Larynx more superior and anterior
  • Tongue relatively larger-fills oral cavity
  • Sucking pads stabilize cheeks
  • Small mandible makes tongue seem large
  • Nasal breathers
  • epiglottis and soft palate
31
Q

In first years

~Breathe through \_\_ and \_\_\_
~\_\_ \_\_\_ disappear
~Neck \_\_\_
~\_\_\_ \_\_\_ increases
~\_\_\_ changes between naso- and oro-pharynx
A 
~Breathe through mouth and nose
~Sucking pads disappear
~Neck elongates
~Laryngeal vestibule increases
~Angle changes between naso- and oro-pharynx
32
Q

Developmental Milestones

~Sucking vs. suckling:
-Initially suckle-, \_\_-\_\_ \_\_\_\_ 
-\_\_\_/\_\_\_ motion
-Lips are \_\_\_
~Develop sucking pattern \_\_-\_\_ months old
-\_\_\_ moves up and down
-More organized expression of \_\_\_
A 
~Sucking vs. suckling:
-Initially suckle-, 2nd-3rd trimester 
-Backward/forward motion
-Lips are loose
~Develop sucking pattern -6-9 months old
-Tongue moves up and down
-More organized expression of milk
33
Q

Nutrative vs. non-nutrative suckling

~Non-nutrative- sucking air or fist
-More \_\_\_
-\_\_ per second
-6-8 per \_\_\_
~Nutrative- bottle or nipple
-Initially a long burst of sucks changing to more \_\_\_
-\_\_ per second
-Young infants: \_\_:\_\_ suck to swallow; older \_\_-\_\_ sucks per swallow
A 
~Non-nutrative- sucking air or fist
-More repetitive
-6 per second
-6-8 per swallow
~Nutrative- bottle or nipple
-Initially a long burst of sucks  changing to more intermittent
-One per second
-Young infants:  1:1 suck to swallow; older 2-3 sucks per swallow
34
Q

Infant Swallowing Reflexes

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A 
Gag
Phasic bite
Tongue protrusion
Rooting
Suckling
swallowing
35
Q

Apgar Scores

4 skills
Score 0,1,2
Interpreted as:

Poor=
Fair=
Good=

A

Poor=0-3;
Fair=4-7;
Good=7-10

dysphagia (13 decks)

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