Class 5: the chronic Flashcards
Acute effects
Those effects that arise imminently and up to one week after the start of chemical exposure
Chronic effects
Effects that rises after more than one year after the start of chemical exposure
Types of exposure vary
Continuous, pulsed (coming occasionally Chronic effects of alcoholismwith certain frequencys
Chronic effects of alcoholism
- Social promblems
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Cancer (Oral cavity, esophagus, liver,)
Aflatoxin
- a mycotoxin from asbergillus ( comes from certain molds)
- Lead to liver cancer
- Grows on crops when more heat, and humidity ( near equator)
- Produced when crops are stressed when growing (examples drought excess water, infection )
- Aflatoxin can increase with poor storage
Susceptible crops
-Corn, tree nuts( peanuts)
Animal consumption of aflatoxin
- Dairy cows,
- Impact: can get aflatoxin from their own feed and can stun their growth and make them less vigorous
Human consumption of aflatoxin
- Can you consume aflatoxin through staple foods and dairy products
- Impact: acute poisoning, chronic cancer
- Young children, son in growth, immune suppression
Graded responses
Does measured in Single individuals overtime with increasing dose( commonly used in pharmacology)
Quantile responses
Does measured in population over time with increasing dose (commonly used in toxicology )
Potency
-The amount of chemical need to cause and effect. If a large amount of chemical is needed to reach a toxic of it is less potent
LD50
The lethal dose for 50% of a population
- acute death
- poison, potency chemical has use, LD50 b/c death easy to observe and compare
TD50
The toxic dolls for 50% of the population
- Bad effect have population don’t want
- Can vary depending on what acute is the outcome of interest ( heart disease, other breathing impairments)
ED50
Effective(therapeutic) dose for 50% of a population
-Measuring effect on half population good want
NOAEL
no observable adverse effect level, or the highest dose that does not produce an observable affect
