Class 4: Are they drugs or poisons

Question 1

Penicillins

Answer 1

Mycotoxin antimicrobia

• produce by fruit, bread and other food molds
• Lewis pasture ( noted in the late 1800s that molds) could kill bacteria

Question 2

Tropane alkaloids( phytoxin)

Answer 2

Cocaine

Question 3

Phytoxin stimulants

Answer 3

Caffeine

Question 4

Analgesics

Answer 4

Cause temporary pain relief( aspirin, ergot, alkaloids, opids, etc)

Question 5

Antimicrobials

Answer 5

Cure infections diseases(penicillins etc.)

Question 6

Narcotic Analgesics

Answer 6

Produce a sleep -like painless state ( morphine, codeine etc.) ( pain reliever that can be addictive)

Question 7

Anesthetic

Answer 7

Block pain nerves ( Cocain etc)

Question 8

Stimulants

Answer 8

Stimulate activity ( caffeine, nicotine, etc.)

Question 9

Sedatives

Answer 9

Produce general sedation(alcohol etc.)

Question 10

Fleming

Answer 10

In 1928 discovered by accident that molds killed staphylococcus bacteria

Question 11

Phytotoxin Anesthetic

Answer 11

• cocaine
• was isolated in 1860
• caused numbness of the tongue local anesthetic

Question 12

Phytotoxin Stimulants

Answer 12

-caffeine
-pleasant stimulant effect
-short half life have to come for more
-withdraw symptoms: headaches, muscle aches, temporary feelings of depression and irritability
-desirable effects: increasing alertness, concentration, increase energy
Toxicity: restless , litters, anxiety, insomnia, elevated blood pressure
-how it works: adenosine produced by burning calories, helps prepare body for sleep

Question 13

Downers

Answer 13

Phytotoxin:ethanol

Plants make ethanol to produce energy from sugar

Question 14

Stimulants

Answer 14

Increase heart rate and aggression

Question 15

Sedative

Answer 15

Motor slowing and cognitive impairment

Question 16

Opioids

Answer 16

How they work ?

-endorphins are substance our bodies make to bind to opioids receptors in the brain and spinal cord

Question 17

What do opioids do ?

Answer 17

-bind to opioids receptors, causes dopamine release

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Question 18

Legal opioids

Answer 18

Prescription pain relievers

• codeine
• hydrocodone, with acetaminophen, narco, Vicodin
• hydromorphne (dilaudid)
• mereidene (Demerol)
• methadone
• morphine
• oxycodone (oxy Contin)
• fentanyl

Question 19

Illegal opioids

Answer 19

-heroin
-fentanyl analogs carfentanil, furanyl fentanyl)
Fentanyl, and its analogs are becoming available mixed with non-opioids drugs (in penzodiazepines, counter fit opioids drugs)
-ketamine and methamphetamine(espically cocain)

Question 20

Opioids receptors

1) delta
2) Kappa
3) MU
4) NOR

Answer 20

Functions

1) Analgesia, antidepressants, convulsants, physical dependence
2) analgesia, anticonvulsant, dissociative/ hallucinogenic sedation
3) analgesia, physical dependence, respiratory depression, euphoria, reduced GI motility
4) anxiety, depression, drug tolerance opioid abuse, signs

Question 21

Antidote

Answer 21

Narcon (naloxone)

• blocks opioid receptors, espically MU
• endorphins and oídos can’t bind or cause effects
• protect from overdose death
• short half life 30-60 min