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Advanced Health Assessment > Class 5 Genitalia, Anus, Rectum > Flashcards

Class 5 Genitalia, Anus, Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

Anal canal

A

terminal portion of the rectum; lined by columns of mucosal tissue (columns of Morgagni).

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2
Q

Anal fistula

A

inflammatory tract that runs from the anus or rectum and opens onto the surface of the perianal skin or other tissue.

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3
Q

Anal warts

A

infection with the human papilloma virus.

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4
Q

Anorectal fissure

A

a tear in the anal mucosa; appears most often in the posterior midline.

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5
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

benign growth of the prostate gland common in men older than 50 years of age.

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6
Q

Enterobiasis (worms)

A

adult nematode (parasite) lives in the rectum or colon and emerges onto the perianal skin to lay eggs while the person sleeps; common in children.

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7
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

varicose veins in the rectum that may be external below the anorectal line and/or internal above the anorectal line.

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8
Q

Imperforate anus

A

a congenital defect in which the rectal opening is blocked or missing; one of a variety of anorectal malformations that can occur during fetal development.

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9
Q

Perianal and perirectal abscesses

A

infection of the soft tissues surrounding the anal canal.

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10
Q

Pilonidal cyst

A

a cyst or sinus tract located in the midline superficial to the coccyx and lower sacrum.

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11
Q

Polyp

A

a projecting mass of swollen membrane that may occur anywhere in the intestinal tract; may be malignant or benign.

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12
Q

Prostate gland

A

a gland located at the base of the bladder and surrounding the urethra.

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13
Q

Prostititis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

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14
Q

Pruritus ani

A

itching of the skin around the anus; commonly caused by fungus in adults and parasites in children

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15
Q

Rectal prolapse

A

condition in which the rectal mucosa with or without the muscular wall protrudes through the anal ring

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16
Q

Rectum

A

the terminal portion of the gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

Antibodies

A

important constituent of colostrum in addition to protein and minerals.

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18
Q

Areola

A

pigmented area surrounding the nipple.

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19
Q

Colostrum

A

clear or milky white fluid expressed from breast before milk production.

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20
Q

Cooper ligaments

A

ligaments that support the breast.

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21
Q

Duct ectasia

A

benign condition of the subaroelar ducts that produces nipple discharge.

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22
Q

Fat necrosis

A

benign breast lump occurs as an inflammatory response to local injury.

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23
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

a benign tumor composed of stromal and epithelial elements; related to a hyperplastic or proliferative process in a single terminal ductal unit.

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24
Q

Fibrocystic disease

A

a condition characterized by the benign fluid-filled cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement.

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25
Q

Galactorrhea

A

lactation not associated with childbearing.

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26
Q

Gynecomastia

A

unexpected enlargement of breast tissue in men.

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27
Q

Involution

A

the interval following termination of lactation when breasts decrease in size.

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28
Q

Malignant breast tumor

A

ductal carcinoma arising from the epithelial lining of ducts.

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29
Q

Mammogram

A

a common radiologic procedure used for breast examination.

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30
Q

Mastitis

A

inflammation and infection of the breast tissue.

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31
Q

Montgomery follicles

A

follicles that are tiny sebaceous glands and may appear in the areola.

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32
Q

Nipple

A

the projection at the apex of the breast on the surface of which the lactiferous ducts open.

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33
Q

Paget disease

A

disease that is a surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma.

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34
Q

Papillomas

A

small tumors of the subareolar ducts.

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35
Q

Peau d’orange appearance

A

a sign indicative of blocked lymph drainage in carcinoma.

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36
Q

Premature thelarche

A

breast enlargement in girls before the onset of puberty.

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37
Q

Tail of Spence

A

area where most malignancies occur in breast tissue.

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38
Q

Tanner staging

A

staging for sexual maturity.

39
Q

Virchow nodes

A

lymph nodes signaling lymphatic invasion of carcinoma from the abdomen or thorax.

40
Q

Ambiguous genitalia

A

the newborn’s genitalia are not clearly either male or female.

41
Q

Atrophic vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina due to the thinning and shrinking of tissues, as well as decreased lubrication.

42
Q

Bartholin glands

A

located posteriorly on each side of the vaginal orifice.

43
Q

Caruncle

A

a small, bright red growth protruding from the urethral meatus.

44
Q

Chadwick sign

A

a bluish discoloration of the cervix that normally occurs in pregnancy at 6 to 8 weeks’ gestation.

45
Q

Clitoris

A

a small bud of erectile tissue, the homolog of the penis and primary center of sexual excitement.

46
Q

Condyloma acuminatum

A

warty lesions due to sexually transmitted infection with human papilloma virus

47
Q

Cystocele

A

hernial protrusion of the urinary bladder into the vagina.

48
Q

Endometriosis

A

presence or growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain.

49
Q

Genital herpes

A

a sexually transmitted infection most commonly caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).

50
Q

Hegar sign

A

softening of the cervix that is a sign of pregnancy, occurring at 6 to 10 weeks’ gestation.

51
Q

Hydrocolpos

A

distention of the vagina resulting from an accumulation of fluid due to congenital vaginal obstruction.

52
Q

Hymen

A

a connective tissue membrane that may be circular, crescentic, or fibriated.

53
Q

Infertility

A

the inability to conceive over a period of 1 year.

54
Q

Inflammation of Bartholin gland

A

a condition characterized by swelling of the Bartholin gland; commonly, but not always, caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.

55
Q

Menarche

A

the onset of first menstruation, which usually occurs between 11 and 14 years of age.

56
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation.

57
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

a viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes.

58
Q

Myomas

A

common benign uterine tumors.

59
Q

Ovarian cyst

A

follicle undergoes varying rates of maturation and cyst can occur as a result of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction

60
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

infection of the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs.

61
Q

Premenstrual syndrome

A

a collection of physical, psychological, and mood symptoms related to a woman’s menstrual cycle.

62
Q

Rectocele

A

hernial protrusion of part of the rectum into the vagina.

63
Q

Rectouterine pouch

A

a deep recess formed by the peritoneum between the rectum and cervix (cul-de-sac of Douglas).

64
Q

Salpingitis

A

inflammation or infection of the fallopian tubes, often associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

65
Q

Skene glands

A

paraurethral glands.

66
Q

Syphilitic chancre

A

firm, painless ulcer that is a sign of syphilis.

skin lesion associated with primary syphilis.

67
Q

Tubal pregnancy

A

ectopic pregnancy; pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus.

68
Q

Uterine bleeding

A

abnormality in menstrual bleeding and inappropriate uterine bleeding.

69
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

descent or herniation of the uterus into or beyond the vagina.

70
Q

Vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina.

71
Q

Vulvovaginitis

A

inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissue

72
Q

Adhesions

A

inflammatory bands that connect opposing serous surfaces.

73
Q

Ambiguous genitalia

A

the newborns’ genitalia are not clearly either male or female.

74
Q

Balanitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis

75
Q

Chordee

A

ventral curvature of the penis.

76
Q

Circumcision

A

surgical removal of the prepuce.

77
Q

Condyloma acuminata

A

caused by human papilloma virus (HPV).

78
Q

Cremasteric

A

reflex characterized by rising of the scrotum and testicle when the inner thigh is stroked.

79
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

undescended testes.

80
Q

Glans

A

conical structure at the distal aspect of the penis.

81
Q

Hernia

A

protrusion of a peritoneal-lined sac through some defect in the abdominal wall.

82
Q

Hydrocele

A

fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis resulting in a nontender, smooth, firm mass.

83
Q

Hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urethral meatus is located on the ventral surface of the glans penile shaft or the base of the penis.

84
Q

Klinefelter

A

XXY chromosomal anomaly.

85
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

sexually transmitted infection of the lymphatic system. Caused by different types of bacteria Chlamydia. Infection is not caused by the same bacteria that cause genital chlamydia

86
Q

Orchitis

A

acute inflammation of the testis secondary to infection.

87
Q

Paraphimosis

A

the inability to replace the foreskin to its usual position after it has been retracted behind the glans.

88
Q

Peyronie

A

disease characterized by a fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum.

89
Q

Phimosis

A

narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, preventing its being drawn back over the glans.

90
Q

Priapism

A

prolonged penile erection

91
Q

Spermatocele

A

cystic swelling on the epididymis.

92
Q

Testicular torsion

A

rotation producing ischemia of testis.

93
Q

Varicocele

A

abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins in the spermatic cord.

Advanced Health Assessment (4 decks)

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