Class 5

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

transitional time between childhood and adulthood where humans experience puberty and related transitions in emotional and personality development (roughly ages 12-18)

Question 2

Adolescent growth spurt

Answer 2

period of rapid growth during which the size and proportions of adulthood are achieved

Question 3

biological determinants of puberty

Answer 3

sexual maturation triggered by hypothalamus
early maturing runs in families
identical twins more likely hit puberty at same time

Question 4

environmental factors

Answer 4

trend in industrial societies toward early maturation
larger girls hit puberty earlier
early adversity primes the system to hit sexual maturity earlier in order to achieve reproductive success

Question 5

Fun fact of the day

Rapid dvelopment of reward centers (dopamine circuits), but prefrontal cortex not fully mature (until about 25 years)

Answer 5

addiction shit boiiii

Question 6

Difference between early and late developers for girls

Answer 6

early: peer rejection, depression, anxiety, precocious involvement in older teen activities
late: some anxiety about impending change, tend to have better outcomes than early developers

Question 7

effects of fast developers in boys

Answer 7

depression, social difficulties, substance use, tmeprijpfj

Question 8

autonomy

Answer 8

normative shift away from parents

Question 9

sense of belonging

Answer 9

identification of peer group as major developmental task

Question 10

fun facts about peer pressure!

many processes involved in friends’ influence
social pressure is rare and ineffective
friends generall encourage socially desireable behaviors
friends’ influence makes path more similar (positive or negative)

Answer 10

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Question 11

Some more peer pressure facts:

It is passive
social learning/modeling
works as mutual agreement (trying smoking)
motivation to resolve discrepancies (friend who recycles)
Perceived norms

Answer 11

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Question 12

Developing identity

Answer 12

narrow down range of possible selves
experiment with different activities, moral beliefs, and peer groups

Erik Erikson’s 5th stage is adolescence (identity or role confusion)

Question 13

Identity-diffusion status

Answer 13

individual does not have firm commitments regarding the issues in question and is not making progress toward them

Question 14

foreclosure status

Answer 14

individual has not engaged in any identity experimentation and has established an identity based on the choices or values of others

Question 15

moratorium status

Answer 15

individual is exploring various choices but has not yet made a clear commitment to any of them

Question 16

identity-achievement status

Answer 16

individual has attained a coherent and committed identity based on personal dcisions

Question 17

Why have 21 year olds changed?

Answer 17

birth control
change in women’s role
increase in years dedicated to education

Question 18

misperceived norms

Answer 18

we misperceive norms

college students overestimate how much their peers drink

Question 19

key traits of emerging adulthood

Answer 19

identity exploration
instability
self focused
feeling in-between
optimism

Question 20

As the brain matures, one thing that happens is the pruning of the synapses. Synaptic pruning does not occur willy-nilly; it depends largely on how any one brain pathway is used. By cutting off unused pathways, the brain eventually settles into a structure that’s most efficient for the owner of that brain, creating well-worn grooves for the pathways that person uses most. Synaptic pruning intensifies after rapid brain-cell proliferation during childhood and again in the period that encompasses adolescence and the 20s. It is the mechanism of “use it or lose it”: the brains we have are shaped largely in response to the demands made of them.

Answer 20

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