Class 4

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

set of relatively stable characteristics or traits that account for consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving across a variety of situations

Question 2

Sigmund Freud

Answer 2

Id+ego+superego= behavior/personality

Contributed: childhood experience influence adulthood; unconscious forces
Criticisms: untestable; adult personality not determined by age

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

part of mind containing the drives present at birth; source of bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses (mainly sexual and aggressive)

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

decision making

component of personality developed through contact with the external world that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands

Reality principle (delayed gratification)

Question 5

superego

Answer 5

moral (can’t steal)

mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority

Question 6

Erik Erikson

Answer 6

8 sequential stages, each with a crisis

Personality endures; focused on social development, rather than sexual

Question 7

Temperament

Answer 7

Individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and regulation that are stable across contexts

Question 8

Easy infants

Answer 8

40%

adjust easily, generally cheerful, easy to calm, easily establish daily routine

Question 9

difficult infants

Answer 9

10%

slow to adjust, frequently reacat negatively, irregular daily routines

Question 10

slow-to-warm-up infants

Answer 10

15%

somewhat difficult at first, but become easier over time

Question 11

dimensions of temperament

Answer 11

fearful distress/inhibition
irritable distress
attention span and persistence
activity level
positive affect
rhythmicity

Question 12

inhibition

Answer 12

distress and withdrawal in new environments

Question 13

goodness of fit

Answer 13

extent to which certain temperament characteristics persist across childhood is influenced by the type of parental response the child receives

Question 14

The Big Five

Answer 14

traits of 5 factor model

openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 15

60-40

60 percent of variablity is environmental
40 percent is genetic

Answer 15

bitch

Question 16

boys vs girls

Answer 16

girls are more verbally expressive, more sensitive to nonverbal cues and more nuturing, sympathetic, more relaitonal aggression

men are more , self reliant, independent, assertive, physically aggressive

Question 17

androgynous

Answer 17

people who identify with best female and male traits

Question 18

defense mechanisms

Answer 18

unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses