Class 2

Question 1

Cognitive development

Answer 1

study of development of general skills like remembering, problem-solving, and decision-making

Question 2

schemas

Answer 2

theories about the way the world works

Question 3

assimilation

Answer 3

process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations

Question 4

accomodation

Answer 4

process by which infantas revise their schemas in light of new information

Question 5

object permanence

Answer 5

the fact that objects continue to exist even when they’re not visible

Question 6

conservation

Answer 6

notion that quantitative properties of an object are invariant despite changes in the object’s appearance

Question 7

theory of mind

Answer 7

understanding that the mind produces representations of the world and that these representations guide behavior

Question 8

joint attention

Answer 8

ability to focus on what another person is focused on

i see what you see

Question 9

imitation/overimitation

Answer 9

tendency to do what an adult did or meant to do

over: copying parts of actions that they know are pointless

i do what you do

Question 10

social referencing

Answer 10

ability to use another person’s reactions as information about how we should think about the world

i think what you think

Question 11

principles of Piaget’s theory

Answer 11

1. discontinuous stages
2. stages qualitatively different
3. invariant order
4. no regression

Question 12

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 12

1. sensorimotor
2. preoperational
3. concrete operational
4. formal operational

Question 13

Sensorimotor

Answer 13

1st stage
children use sensory and motor systems to explore their environment
0-2
limited by object permanence

Question 14

preoperational

Answer 14

2nd stage
children can now represent experiences with language and mental imagery
2-7
limited by egocentricism, lack of conservation

Question 15

concrete operational

Answer 15

3rd stage
children can reason logically about concrete objects and events
7-11
limited by abstract thought

logiced by conservation, seriation, transitivity

Question 16

formal operational

Answer 16

4th stage
children can think deeply about concrete, abstract, hypothetical situations
11+
hypothetico-deductive reasoning (form hypotheses and predict, infer, test multiple variables)
propositional thought (evaluate and apply logical statements)

Question 17

Limitations of Piaget

Answer 17

children don’t follow stages
underestimated role of environment
infants know more (object permanence example)