Class #5 Flashcards
Who are the Indigenous peoples globally?
- WHO and UN using term Indigenous Peoples more and more
- Indigenous means “native to; sprung from the land”
Who are the Indigenous peoples in Canada?
- Constitution Act of 1982
- Called “Aboriginal”, have been transitioning to Indigenous since 2015 (aligns with WHO and UN language)
- Included 3 groups:
- —–First Nation (Indian), Inuit, Metis (FNMI)
- Aboriginal – actually means “not original”
Legal Categories:
What are the 3 different names for Indigenous or Aboriginal?
- First Nation or Indian
- Metis
- Inuit
What is the legal category for First Nation or Indian?
- Status (or Treaty) Indian
- Non-Status Indian
How do you build responsible relationships with Indigenous peoples?
1) Respect
2) Relevance
3) Reciprocal Relationships
4) Responsibility
What does “respect” mean when building responsible relationships with Indigenous peoples?
There is not just one knowledge
What does “relevance” mean when building responsible relationships with Indigenous peoples?
Not all knowledge is literate
What does “reciprocal” mean when building responsible relationships with Indigenous peoples?
Teaching and learning is a 2-way process
What does “responsibility” mean in building relationships with Indigenous peoples?
Shift to work WITH Indigenous peoples
What are 4 components of Indigenous Health?
1) Greatly impacted by history of colonization, assimilation, and Residential schools
2) Physical and environmental conditions on reserves create health challenges (food security, clean water, adequate housing)
3) Poverty and social exclusion, poor education, addiction causing serious issues
4) Inadequate health care services and lack of access; also lack of traditional or culturally competent care
What are strengths of Indigenous Peoples? (3)
1) Resistance
2) Resilience
3) Reclaiming
Define “Resistance” when referring to the strengths of Indigenous Peoples?
Despite a concerted effort to assimilate the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, they have maintained their identities and their traditional culture
Define “Resilience” when referring to the strengths of Indigenous Peoples?
Concept used to explain or understand positive adaptation to life despite harsh conditions
Define “Reclaiming” when referring to the strengths of Indigenous Peoples?
Have experienced much loss. Working to reclaim their culture, their language, and their identity
Pathways towards Reconciliation:
“Decolonization”
- Question and Alter Power Dynamics
- Challenge Cognitive Imperialism and Social/Political Ideologies
- Unlearning and Relearning
- Shifting Culture
How do we build authentic and genuine relationships?
- Connect with the people and the place
- Be aware of the possible impact of past experiences
- Learn about their history and traditions
- Take time and let the community know who you are
- Know the people and community before providing assessments
- Be community-focused
- Support traditional culture and language
- Maintain a supportive attitude and develop genuine understanding
What are the 4 roles for nurses when interacting with Indigenous peoples?
1) Learn about the Indigenous Peoples of Canada
2) Practice in Culturally Safe Ways
3) Respect Traditional Indigenous Ways
4) Build authentic relationships
When interacting with Indigenous Peoples, the role for nurses is to learn about the Indigenous peoples of Canada. How does a nurse do this?
- Understand the political and social climate and general Canadian attitudes towards Indigenous peoples
- Understand the historical and contemporary contexts and their impact on Indigenous peoples and their health
When interacting with Indigenous Peoples, the role for nurses is to practice in culturally safe ways. How does a nurse do this?
- Includes effective intercultural communication
- Problematic communication can become a patient safety issue
- Remember every individual is unique
When interacting with Indigenous Peoples, the role for nurses is to respect traditional Indigenous ways. How does a nurse do this?
- Advocate for your patient’s rights
- May have a variety of traditional practices
- Family and Elders are also important
What are the 3 Social Determinants of Aboriginal People’s Health?
1) Proximal
2) Intermediate
3) Distal
Social Determinants of Aboriginal People’s Health:
Proximal
- Health Behaviours
- Physical Environments
- Employment and Income
- Education
- Food Insecurity
Social Determinants of Aboriginal People’s Health:
Intermediate
- Health Care Systems
- Educational Systems
- Community Infrastructure, Resources and Capacities
- Environmental Stewardship
- Cultural Continuity
Social Determinants of Aboriginal People’s Health:
Distal
- Colonialism
- Racism and Social Exclusion
- Self-Determination
What are 4 determinants of health for Indigenous Peoples?
1) Systemic Racism, colonialism, and poverty are key factors influencing the health of Indigenous peoples
2) Has resulted in lower life expectancy (7 years), higher infant mortality rates, lower education and income levels, and higher unemployment rates among other health inequities
3) Has resulted in lower life expectancy (7 years), higher infant mortality rates, lower education and income levels, and higher unemployment rates among other health inequities
4) Need to use a strengths-based approach to partnering with Indigenous individuals, families, and communities
What is the problem with utilizing terms such as Indigenous or Aboriginal?
- Terms Indigenous or Aboriginal lump all groups together
- However, they are very diverse from one another
- Lumping together causes a loss of their diversity and unique identity
Define Indian
Define Native
Define Aboriginal
Define FNMI (First Nation, Metis, and Inuit)
Define Indigenous
Define Settler
Define Newcomer
What is the purpose of treaties?
Treaties were made to establish peace, regulate trade, share land and resources, and arrange mutual defence
How did Europeans view the making of treaties?
Treaty making among Europeans had a different meaning – recognize independence, claim sovereignty, and formally mark mutual respect
What happened to treaties in the 1800’s?
However, in 1800s, treaties between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous governments were undermined by policies of colonization and assimilation.
What were Colonization practices and policies designed to do? (4)
- Remove indigenous people from their lands
- Suppress Indigenous nations and their governments
- Undermine Indigenous cultures
- Stifle Indigenous identity
Define Assimilation
the social process of absorbing one cultural group into another. It is the aggressive cultural domination of one group over another.
How did the Canadian government attempt to assimilate Indigenous Peoples?
Used tools like the Indian Act (1876, revised 1951, 1985), residential schools, relocation, and reserve policies
What is historical trauma?
cumulative emotional and psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generations, due to loss of:
1) Culture, language, heritage, history, identity, land, livelihood, parenting skills, autonomy/self-determination
2) Also has resulted in legacies of intergenerational family violence.
What is the result of colonization and assimilation?
Colonization and Assimilation tactics used have resulted in historical trauma for many Indigenous people
Define Cognitive Imperialism
Society has accepted European ways of thinking (scholars that teach us right and wrong etc.,) that we view as being right. But there are other groups of peoples who have different ideas of right and wrong and instead we dismiss it as non-scientific.
This is a form of colonization… that certain groups of ideas are seen as superior to others
What are 2 examples of ongoing Colonization?
- Trans Mountain Pipeline: Building the pipeline through indigenous Reserves.
- Nova Scotia: The bottom line is that First Nations fishermen have a right to fish, and other fishermen have reason to expect this right to be regulated so as to preserve lobster stocks.
