Class 4 Pregnancy and lactation ppt.

Question 1

An obese woman should gain how many lbs. during pregnancy…

Answer 1

15 to 20 pounds base on her prepregnant weight

Question 2

What are some complications of obesity in pregnancy…

Answer 2

Macorsoma, c/sections/ fetal trauma during birth

Question 3

Low BMI and adolestents should gain how uch weight during pregnancy…

Answer 3

28 to 40 lbs..

Question 4

What is the recommended calorie intake for Low BMI and adolesents..

Answer 4

2000 Kcal + 200 is the starting point for a child

Question 5

Twins and mulitpuls requre how many more Kcals per day…

Answer 5

An additional 300 per/fetus. May require TPN at some point during the pregnancy.

Question 6

How is fat utilized by the body in the first trimester of pregnancy..

Answer 6

Fat is stored for energy, maternal weight gain 2 to 5 lbs, average 3.5lbs. Anabolic process.

Question 7

How is fat utilized by the body in the second and third trimesters..

Answer 7

Fat is used for energy for fetus. Weight gain is r/t fetal growth of 1lb/week (if WNL prepreg wt)

Question 8

A 2000 Kcal diet should include what protions of Whole grains, vegies, fruits, protein, dairy and fats…

Answer 8

Whole grains = 6oz/daily
Veg = 2.5 cups/daily
Fruit = 2 cups/daily
Protein =  5.5 oz/daily
Dairy = 3 cups/daily
Fats = 3 tea or 1 tab/daily from all sources

Question 9

The daily requirements for folic acid is…

Answer 9

400/600mcg/day

Question 10

What defect does a lack of folic acid cause in the fetus..

Answer 10

Taking folic acid can reduce the chance of a neural tube defect in the fetus by 50%.

Question 11

Calcium requirements for adults and adolesents are…

Answer 11

1000mg/day for adults to 1300mg/day for adolesents

Question 12

Why is calcium so important during pregnancy, how does help the fetus’s development

Answer 12

Calcuim is important for bone formation, teeth and coagulation

Question 13

Why is iron so important during pregnency and what is the required does per day…

Answer 13

Iron supports an increase in RBC’s, fetal stores and prevents hemodilutional amemia.

Question 14

When does phase 1 of lactation take place and what hormones are involved in phase 1 of lactation…

Answer 14

Phase 1 starts during adolesents when the breasts are just developing. Little buds of breast tissue begin to build. Then it waits until pregnancy. Estrogen, progesterone, Prolactin and Oxytocin are all involved in this process.

Question 15

How many fluids does a prenant woman need daily..

Answer 15

3 L/daily, when latating 3.8 L/dailly. This includes water from food.

Question 16

Why should women who smoke be at the higher end of weight gain during pregnancy…

Answer 16

Because smoking vasoconstricts the arteries the blood vessels reducing blood flow and nutirtion though the placentathe to the fetus. Causing a decrease in purfusion.

Question 17

What hormones are involved in phase 1 and 2 of lactation…

Answer 17

Prolactin and Oxytocin are involved after birth of the baby to produce milk. Once the colustrum is released from the breast, the hormones signal the brain to make more milk releasing more hormones to continue the cycle of lactation.

Question 18

What happens if the ductual in the breast gets clogged up…

Answer 18

Mastitis of the breast can happen. It’s an infection in the breast.

Question 19

What physical conditions on the nipple can cause mastitis..

Answer 19

Cracks or fissures on the nipple can allow bacteria into the ductuals.

Question 20

What is the physical process of the “let down reflex”..

Answer 20

When the baby suckles the breast, nerve impulses are sent to the hypothalamus, causing the anterior pituitary to secrete prolactin to increase milk production. At the same time, suckling causes the posterior pituitary to secrete oxytocin, producing the let down reflex, which relaease milk from the breast.

Question 21

What are the signs and symptons of mastitis..

Answer 21

Chills, fever (greater than 100F), tenderness, pain, redness, swelling

Question 22

How can a pregnant woman prevent mastitis…

Answer 22

Patient teaching is important for handwashing and nipple care is critical

Question 23

What is a seconday treatment for mastitis..

Answer 23

frequent emptying of the breast. May need antibiotics: would need to pump milk and dump during the time taking antibiotics.

Question 24

What should the woman do if she is not breast feeding…

Answer 24

Wear a well fitting bra 24hrs a day, use cold packs or cold cabbage leafs on the breast to vasoconstrict ductuals, aviod nipple/breast stimulation.