Class 4 Flashcards
The brain can be split up into three distinct features which are?
Brain Stem, cerebrum, & cerebellum.
In general what does the brainstem control?
Controls things that are vital functions of ANS
What does Medula Oblongata control?
Control of heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, & vomiting
What does Pons control?
The control of breathing
Midbrain controls/contains what?
Contains centres for visual reflex activities
What is Reticular Formation/what does it control?
Reticular formation is large part of brain stem consisting of small areas of loosely clustered nuclei & tracts. Helps maintain consciousness, causes awakening from sleep, filters out unimportant information, & contributes to regulating muscle tone. Injury to reticular formation can result in irreversible coma.
What is the cerebrum?
Cerebrum makes up largest portion of brain & consists of left & right cerebral hemispheres. Each
hemisphere controls contralateral side of body. Each cerebral hemisphere has 4 lobes.
Each cerebral hemisphere has 4 lobes which are?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
What is the Frontal Lobe?
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION (executive functions are set of cognitive processes necessary for cognitive control of behaviour), thinking, planning, problem solving etc.
What is the Parietal Lobe?
Interpretation of sensory information. Contains sensory cortex where it receives information from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, & joints of contralateral side of body.
What is the Occipital Lobe?
Image processing of eyes
Cerebral cortex is the ______________________________. It consists of ______________. Grey matter is dominated by _______________________.
• 3-mm-thick outer layer of the cerebrum
• grey matter
• neuronal cell bodies
Remainder of the cerebrum is composed of ________________ (dominated by myelinated tracts) with small islands of grey matter within.
• white matter
What is Temporal Lobe?
• Interpreting sounds, language, memory.
• 2 areas Wernicke’s area & Broca’s area
What is Wernicke’s area?
Associated with comprehension of sounds
& language. Damage to Wernicke’s area of
temporal lobe results in Wernicke’s aphasia or fluent
aphasia. Aphasia is general term used to describe language disorder. Person will speak fluently in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary
words, & create new words called neologisms.
What is Broca’s area?
Associated with expression of sounds & speech.
Damage to Broca’s area of temporal lobe results in
Broca’s aphasia or non-fluent aphasia, in which person will have hard time finding words to speak. It’s the ability to produce language, so they will have trouble speaking, writing, or even signing.
What is Apraxia?
Poorly understood neurological disorder characterized by inability to perform familiar movements when asked, even though instruction is understood & there is willingness to perform
movement. Both desire & capacity to move are present by person simply cannot execute the act
What is Agnosia?
Inability to accurately process & perceive sensory
information
What is Prosopagnosia?
Damage to temporal lobe can cause prosopagnosia
aka faceblindness. Sufferers may not recognize familiar faces. Often misperceived as inability to remember names.
Face blindness often affects people from birth, is usually problem person has for most of their life. Can have a severe impact on everyday because inability to recognize faces is often misinterpreted by others as rudeness. Different people may show different types of level of impairments
Babies are able to recognize a wide variety of individual faces. From early on, children begin to prune their model of faces to those that are frequently exposed to. This part of typical neural pruning, process of removing neurones that are no linger used or useful in brain. Synaptic pruning is
important part of growth & development & is vital part of brains “maintenance routine”
What is Anosognosia?
Often mistaken for denial & stubbornness, is actually brain damage that can make it difficult for people to recognize their impairment. Awareness can change from day-to-day or even hour-to-hour, & this can make one’s behavior unpredictable. They may resist help, refuse treatment, become angry & defensive or dangerously overestimate their abilities.
The cerebrum has little bumps called __________, grooves are called ____________, and if they’re very deep, called ____________.
• gyri
• sulcui
• fissures