Class 3

Question 1

What is the pyloric sphincter a thickening of?

Answer 1

circular muscle layer

Question 2

What are the rugae formed from?

Answer 2

mucosa

Question 3

What structures make up the stomach bed (posterior wall of omental bursa)

Answer 3

liver - left lobe

left dome of diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, colon, left kidney and suprarenal gland

Question 4

3 branches of caeliac trunk

Answer 4

left gastric
common hepatic
splenic

Question 5

Where do all 4 groups of stomach lymphatic groups drain?

Answer 5

caeliac group

Question 6

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 6

duodenum, ileum and jejunum

Question 7

Which part of small intestine receives bile?

Answer 7

2nd part of duodenum in sphincter of oddi

Question 8

Where is the foregut/midgut boundary?

Answer 8

2/3 duodenum

Question 9

What part of small intestine is fixed, shortest, widest?

Answer 9

duodenum

Question 10

Briefly describe jejunum and ileum differences

Answer 10

Jejunum is bright red, deep, thick and greater vascularity with fewer longer loops

Question 11

3 ways to differentiate the large intestine from small intestine

Answer 11

tinea coli, sacculation and omental appendices

Question 12

What 2 structures open into cavity of caecum?

Answer 12

ileum and appendix

Question 13

McBurney’s point

Answer 13

Site of maximum tenderness in appendicitis between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis

Question 14

Usual position of appendix tail?

Answer 14

Usually retrocaecal but is variable although base is fixed

Question 15

Role of pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence

Answer 15

Muscle to support the pelvic organs and tighten sphincters

Question 16

Other structures important in faecal continence

Answer 16

anal sphincters, rectum and anal canal

Question 17

Where is falciform ligament found?

Answer 17

Between left and right lobes of liver

Question 18

What is the round ligament an embryological remnant of?

Answer 18

left umbilical vein

Question 19

How many layers of peritoneum are found in greater omentum?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What are paracolic gutters?

Answer 20

Spaces between the colon and abdominal wall

Question 21

Clinical significance of paracolic gutters

Answer 21

Passage for infection and infectious fluids eg appendicitis

Question 22

What secretory cells are found in gastric pit?

Answer 22

parietal, chief cells, gastric glands, G and D cell

Question 23

What are the projections into the lumen of the small intestine called?

Answer 23

plicae

Question 24

What part of small intestine contain peyers patches?

Answer 24

ileum

Question 25

What does duodenum histologically contain?

Answer 25

brunners glands in submucosa

Question 26

What is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 26

Plane through tips of 9th costal cartilage and L1 border

Question 27

How would you locate transpyloric plane on a patient?

Answer 27

hand breadth under xiphoid process

Question 28

Structures in transpyloric plane

Answer 28

pylorus of stomach, 9th costal cartilage, L1, gallbladder, right lobe of liver, neck of pancreas and transverse/descending colon

Question 29

What organs are seen with barium enema, follow through and meal?

Answer 29

meal = stomach
follow through - small intestine
enema = large intestine