Class 3 Flashcards
What is the pyloric sphincter a thickening of?
circular muscle layer
What are the rugae formed from?
mucosa
What structures make up the stomach bed (posterior wall of omental bursa)
liver - left lobe
left dome of diaphragm, pancreas, spleen, colon, left kidney and suprarenal gland
3 branches of caeliac trunk
left gastric
common hepatic
splenic
Where do all 4 groups of stomach lymphatic groups drain?
caeliac group
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, ileum and jejunum
Which part of small intestine receives bile?
2nd part of duodenum in sphincter of oddi
Where is the foregut/midgut boundary?
2/3 duodenum
What part of small intestine is fixed, shortest, widest?
duodenum
Briefly describe jejunum and ileum differences
Jejunum is bright red, deep, thick and greater vascularity with fewer longer loops
3 ways to differentiate the large intestine from small intestine
tinea coli, sacculation and omental appendices
What 2 structures open into cavity of caecum?
ileum and appendix
McBurney’s point
Site of maximum tenderness in appendicitis between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis
Usual position of appendix tail?
Usually retrocaecal but is variable although base is fixed
Role of pelvic floor in maintaining faecal continence
Muscle to support the pelvic organs and tighten sphincters
Other structures important in faecal continence
anal sphincters, rectum and anal canal
Where is falciform ligament found?
Between left and right lobes of liver
What is the round ligament an embryological remnant of?
left umbilical vein
How many layers of peritoneum are found in greater omentum?
4
What are paracolic gutters?
Spaces between the colon and abdominal wall
Clinical significance of paracolic gutters
Passage for infection and infectious fluids eg appendicitis
What secretory cells are found in gastric pit?
parietal, chief cells, gastric glands, G and D cell
What are the projections into the lumen of the small intestine called?
plicae
What part of small intestine contain peyers patches?
ileum
What does duodenum histologically contain?
brunners glands in submucosa
What is the transpyloric plane?
Plane through tips of 9th costal cartilage and L1 border
How would you locate transpyloric plane on a patient?
hand breadth under xiphoid process
Structures in transpyloric plane
pylorus of stomach, 9th costal cartilage, L1, gallbladder, right lobe of liver, neck of pancreas and transverse/descending colon
What organs are seen with barium enema, follow through and meal?
meal = stomach
follow through - small intestine
enema = large intestine
