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GI anatomy > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things make up the posterior aspect of the abdomen?

A

lumbar vertebrae, intervertebral discs and inferior ribs

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2
Q

4 quadrants of abdomen

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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3
Q

What 2 imaginary lines separate the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

transumbilical and midline

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4
Q

9 regions of the abdomen

A 
R+L hypochondriac
epigastric 
R+L lumbar 
umbilical 
R+L iliac 
hypogastric
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5
Q

What lines separate the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A

transcostal, midclavicular lines and transtubercular

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6
Q

Organs present in right hypochondriac

A

liver, gallbladder, duodenum

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7
Q

Organs present in epigastric region

A

pyloris, duodenum, head of liver

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8
Q

Organs present in Left hypochondriac

A

spleen, stomach, pancreas tail

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9
Q

Right lumbar regions organs

A

ascending colon, jejunum and right kidney

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10
Q

Umbilical region organs

A

jejunum and ileum, lower duodenum and aorta and iliac arteries

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11
Q

Right iliac region organs

A

caecum, appendix, ileum

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12
Q

Hypogastric region organs

A

uterus, bladder, ileum

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13
Q

Left iliac region organs

A

left ureter, sigmoid colon, left ovary

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14
Q

3 flat abdominal wall muscles

A

transversus abdominis, internal and external oblique

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15
Q

Innervation of abdominal wall muscles

A

ventral rami T7-11

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16
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

flexion of lumbar spine

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17
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

compress abdominal contents

18
Q

External oblique action

A

contralateral rotation of torso

19
Q

Internal oblique action

A 
bilateral = compress abdomen 
unilateral = ipsilateral trunk rotation
20
Q

Difference with abdominal muscles below and above umbilicus

A

above they run infront and behind whereas below they only run anteriorly

21
Q

What is the aponeurosis of the 3 flat muscles called?

A

rectus sheath

22
Q

Vertebral level of umbilicus

A

L3/4

23
Q

Dermatome of umbilicus

A

T10

24
Q

When is the inguinal canal formed?

A

Relocation of gonads as anterior abdominal wall push through and form a canal

25
Q

Length of inguinal canal?

A

4cm

26
Q

What does the inguinal canal run parallel to?

A

inguinal ligament

27
Q

What 2 bony points is the inguinal ligament connected to?

A

anterior superior iliac spine

pubic tubercle

28
Q

What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal called?

A

deep and superficial inguinal ring

29
Q

Male contents of inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord
ilioinguinal nerve
blood vessels and lymphatics

30
Q

Female contents of inguinal canal

A

round ligament of uterus

ilioinguninal nerve, blood vessels, lymphatics

31
Q

2 types of inguinal hernias

A

indirect or direct

32
Q

What inguinal hernia is due to congenital weakness? where?

A

indirect - deep inguinal ring

33
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia - what happens?

A

abdominal contents enter into inguinal canal and even out of deep inguinal ring

34
Q

Direct inguinal canal - what happens?

A

contents push through posterior wall into inguinal canal and possibly out of superficial inguinal ring

35
Q

Where do femoral hernias occur?

A

below inguinal ligament

36
Q

What type of hernias is strangulation high? Common in male or female?

A

femoral - more common in females

37
Q

What can contribute to weakness in abdominal wall in umbilical hernias?

A

linea alba fibres abnormal

38
Q

In adults are umbilical hernias congenital or acquired?

A

acquired

39
Q

4 layers of GI tract histology

A

Mucosa - epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
submucosa
muscularis externa - longitudinal and circular
serosa/adventitia

40
Q

4 basic mucosal types in GI tract (function) and their site

A

protective eg oesophagus, anal canal
secretory - stomach only
absorptive - small intestine
absorptive and protective - large intestine

41
Q

Protective epithelium

A

stratified squamous

42
Q

Secretory epithelium

A

simple columnar

GI anatomy (4 decks)

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