Class 3 Flashcards
BLACK POPULATION
- 44.5 million or 14.2% of the us population
- significant facts today
–>there are more black veterans than other groups
–>there is a significant decrease in men and women being incarcerated in federal prisons than previous decades
METROPOLITAN AND NON-METROPOLITAN RESIDENCE
- 55.1% live inside the metropolitan area, central city
- 31% live outside central city, metropolitan area
- 13.9% non metropolitan
- by 2015 if trend continues ½ will live in suburbs
RATIO OF BLACK MEN TO BLACK WOMEN
- For every 100 unmarried black women, there are only 60% marriageable black male
- Nearly 50% have never married, highest among all groups
- Only 30% are married
- Highest among all ethnic groups*
HEALTH:• Major causes of disease/death (9)
o Heart o Cancer o Stroke o Diabetes o Unintentional injuries-infections o Kidney o Respiratory o Homicide o Septicemia
LIFE EXPECTANCY OF CHILDREN BORN IN 1988
•65% of AA men lack health insurance vs. 41% of whites
•69.5 years for black males
•75.7 years for white men
–>BUT: if a black male makes it to 75 then he has a longer life expectancy than white men
- black males life expectancy is approximately 7 years shorter than females
- Chinese male have longer life expectancy than women and anyone else?
AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES
- Men ages 25-34 commit suicide at a higher rate than any other African American group
- Young black men are the only segment of the U.S. population with a decreasing life expectancy
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, MCCORD AND FREEMAN
- Life expectancy of black men in Harlem was lower than it was for men in the third world country of Bangladesh
- In the last 20 years the quality of life for black men has deteriorated markedly
FAMILY INCOME MARRIED COUPLE
- Approximately 27.6% makes 75,000 and over
- Approximately 25.2% makes 50-74,000
- Households making over $75,000 has increased 47% over the last 5 year period
- 68% of middle class live from pay check to pay check
- 95% do not have enough for ¾ of their essential expenses for 3 months
BLACK MALE/FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
•Median income was $36,102. In 2012 dropped to $33,460
–>And its dropping*
•Single females, median income = $ 25,958
•More than 40% of headed households are poor
BLACK FERTITLITY RATES
•AA’s have a birth rate of 72% of births to unmarried mothers as compared to all races and origins of 35.7%
RESEARCH ON NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS: McLoyd & Ceball, 1988 (2011)
How does neighborhood where family resides impact family income and use? (13 years later, similar findings)
- Goods and services available are priced higher in comparison to those available to whites
- Financial services i.e. insurance, mortgages are higher
- More per square Ft per versus being on outer edge–not in city
–>Implications: less discretionary money to save, invest, spend on child related services, purchase goods/services
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
- Is over twice the rate of young whites, Hispanic, and Asian men
- Over 20% of young AA men in poverty as compared to 18% Hispanic, and 10% whites
POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT
- Is this a structural problem?
- Is this a personal problem?
- Is this a result of social positions and the accompanying roles including sex and race?
- U.S. Department of Labor “feminization of poverty” full time: 81% of wage paid to men*
POVERTY, UNEMPLOYMENT
•Hispanic male, black male, and a white male drop out of high school and look for a job…what happens?
•Hispanic male, black male, and a white male drop out of high school and look for a job…what happens?
-The Hispanic male will get the job 1st
•Stereotype exists among employers* Hispanics…
Wont sass boss
Will listen
Will work harder without complaints
•LONG RUN IMPACTS: less Hispanics continuing their education
oBlacks second to find job
oWhite male least likely to find employment
AFFLUENT AFRICAN AMERICANS
•Since the 60s there has been a four fold increase income to over a million families earning over 50,000 median =($50k +)
•Approximately 5.2% owned firms (28% women owned)
•Characteristics include
o Well educated
o Married
o Homeowners
o Suburbanites
EDUCATION OUTCOMES
- AA’s lag behind the whites, but the least educated are not the AA
- 82.6% age 24 & older had at least HS diploma in 2011
- 32.7% some college or higher
- approximately 15% = BA
- approximately 1.1 million have advanced degree
THE GREAT DIVIDE
- Educational differences between black males and females
- 1.5X more females are college graduates than males
WHY? After slavery black men couldn’t find jobs even after, while black women went to college and were hired bc they were more encouraged bc society was more accepting of Black women bc they were viewed as less of a threat:
•men pose a threat to ruling power
•women move more easily into cultures then men
- ages 18-35 more in college than in prisons
- racial centrality buffered the deleterious impact of racial discrimination on levels of anxiety, depression, & stress
US GOVERNMENT POLICIES AIMED AT IMPROVING EDUCATION FOR ETHNIC GROUPS
- There are scholars who observe that AA continue to be effectively segregated from other groups in low scoring schools
- Debate by educators. Split between those who believe that we should be race blind in programs
- Marva Collins (Chicago) $5k = great outcomes
- Chicago public schools = $11,300 but outcomes are not as good (MARVA COLLINS much better)
EDUCATIONAL DISAGREEMENTS
•To those who believe that the long history of discrimination is still a problem today
•SAT scores for almost all groups are related to income & ethnic group
•Education Gap: drop out rates
•9.7 males/11.7 females
•grade 3: data, math score level seems to be among the lowest
–>grade 3 used to measure achievement** if at grade 3 they fall short they will struggle from grade 8 and the through high school
WHAT ARE SOME SOLUTIONS TO THIS PROBLEM IN THE EDUCATION OF BLACK CHILDREN?
- Income levels are significantly related to SAT scores in many cities
- Mixed results of increase spending in early childhood education programs. Academic achievement scores do not entirely answer the question of whether increased spending results in higher achievement (gates 2013)
- Money and achievement do NOT go hand in hand
DIGITAL DIVIDE
- A map of the world shows the global digital dived. The countries with the least network was in Africa… where as
- In a study in CA, showed that households with the least computers/networks were Latino Immigrants, however, AA’s have yet not utilized all their capabilities
