Class 3

Question 1

What enzymes make polymers

Answer 1

polymerases

Question 2

what is the process that breaks down polymers?

Answer 2

hydrolysis

Question 3

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 3

1) sugar
2) base
3) phosphates

Question 4

where does base attach to nucleotide?

Answer 4

at the 1’ location

Question 5

where does phosphate attach the base?

Answer 5

at the 5’ location

Question 6

Name the Pyrimidine bases

Answer 6

Pyramids cut
cytosine
thymine
uracil

Question 7

Name the purine bases

Answer 7

Adenien a

guanine

Question 8

What are the two ways prokaryotes protect their DNA form degradation?

Answer 8

Supercoiling and methylation (protect from restriction enzymes

Question 9

What are the enzymes that degrade virus n prokaryote cytoplasm?

Answer 9

restriction enzymes

Question 10

What is the function of the centromere?

Answer 10

where sister chromatids attach, and spindle fibers

Question 11

What is the telomere on the chromosome, and what are its functions

Answer 11

Telomere is the ends of chromosome

Function: stabilize the ends of chromosomes by capping them

Question 12

Transcription is ____ —> ______

Answer 12

DNA to RNA

Question 13

Translation is ____ —-> ____

Answer 13

RNA to Protein

Question 14

What is the start codon?

Answer 14

AUG

Question 15

What are the stop codons (3)?

Answer 15

UAG
UAA
UGA
U are annoyong
U are gone
U go away

Question 16

What are the 3 types of polymerase error?

Answer 16

Point mutation
insertion/deletion (small, frameshift)
small repeats

Question 17

What is the intergenic region

Answer 17

Long stretches of DNA between genes

Question 18

What is a transposon?

Answer 18

Its when a gene is replicated, then cut and paste into another gene

Question 19

What are the 4 rules for DNA replication?

Answer 19

1) Semiconservative
2) 5’ to 3’
3) Requires a primer
4) DNA replication requires template

Question 20

DNA poly III

Answer 20

High processivity

adds nucleotides 400 bp down from ORI

Question 21

Dna Poly I

Answer 21

Low prcessicity

adds neuclutides at RNA primer

Question 22

Compare the subunits of Prokary, and Euk

Answer 22

Prokaryote subunit is 50S and 30S for a total of 70S

Euk. is 60S and 40S for a total of 80S

Question 23

what is the function of telomerase, and how does it do this.

Answer 23

extends end of telomere, has built in RNA primer, and reverse transcriptase

Question 24

How much ATP is used up in making peptide of 50 Amino acids?

Answer 24

200 ATP