Class 3 Flashcards
What enzymes make polymers
polymerases
what is the process that breaks down polymers?
hydrolysis
What is a nucleotide made up of?
1) sugar
2) base
3) phosphates
where does base attach to nucleotide?
at the 1’ location
where does phosphate attach the base?
at the 5’ location
Name the Pyrimidine bases
Pyramids cut
cytosine
thymine
uracil
Name the purine bases
Adenien a
guanine
What are the two ways prokaryotes protect their DNA form degradation?
Supercoiling and methylation (protect from restriction enzymes
What are the enzymes that degrade virus n prokaryote cytoplasm?
restriction enzymes
What is the function of the centromere?
where sister chromatids attach, and spindle fibers
What is the telomere on the chromosome, and what are its functions
Telomere is the ends of chromosome
Function: stabilize the ends of chromosomes by capping them
Transcription is ____ —> ______
DNA to RNA
Translation is ____ —-> ____
RNA to Protein
What is the start codon?
AUG
What are the stop codons (3)?
UAG UAA UGA U are annoyong U are gone U go away
What are the 3 types of polymerase error?
Point mutation
insertion/deletion (small, frameshift)
small repeats
What is the intergenic region
Long stretches of DNA between genes
What is a transposon?
Its when a gene is replicated, then cut and paste into another gene
What are the 4 rules for DNA replication?
1) Semiconservative
2) 5’ to 3’
3) Requires a primer
4) DNA replication requires template
DNA poly III
High processivity
adds nucleotides 400 bp down from ORI
Dna Poly I
Low prcessicity
adds neuclutides at RNA primer
Compare the subunits of Prokary, and Euk
Prokaryote subunit is 50S and 30S for a total of 70S
Euk. is 60S and 40S for a total of 80S
what is the function of telomerase, and how does it do this.
extends end of telomere, has built in RNA primer, and reverse transcriptase
How much ATP is used up in making peptide of 50 Amino acids?
200 ATP
