Class 2 Penz material Flashcards
What is a literature review
What are the two main goals of the researcher
what is a refereed journal
A systematic and critical appraisal of the most important literature on a topic
- To develop the knowledge foundation for a sound study
- To generate research questions or hypotheses
Refereed journals (peer-reviewed)
What does the researcher do
What kind of sources can they use
What do they modify
What do they interpret and discuss
Examine problems using a theoretical or conceptual framework
Primary versus secondary sources
Research questions and hypotheses
Modify Design and Methods
Interpret and discuss results/findings
What does a nurse researcher do/expected
what do they search
How do they use EIP
Review the literature of answer a clinical question or solve a clinical problem
Search literature widely, gather multiple resources
PICOT
What us PICOT
P (Problem/Patient Population) Who is the specifically defined group of interest?
I (Intervention, assessment, therapy) What intervention or event will be explored?
C (Context, Comparison) Where and what will be compared?
O (Outcome) What is the effect of the intervention?
T (Time) In what time frame?
What is SPIDER
Sample
Phenomenon of interest
Design
Evaluation
Research type
What is a journal, give an example
how many of these examples do you incorporate into your research
Journals- preferred mode of communicating most recent theory and research results
Examples of health-related databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, ERIC, Cochrane library, PSYCINFO
Recommend using at least two health related databases
What is a key word
What is a Boolean operator
Give 4 examples
Key words “finding the right terms”
Defines the relationships between words or groups of words in the literature
‘AND’ ‘OR’ ‘NOT’ and ‘NEAR’ e.g., ‘older adults, assessment AND confusion’
Why critical thinking and reading skills important
You will find it challenging to critique research articles until you gain repeated experience doing so
No perfect critique exists; your interpretation will be based on your current knowledge, experience, and understanding
What are the four critical reading strategies and describe them
- Preliminary understanding
Identifies/clarifies key concepts and terms - Comprehensive understanding
ID Main theme of article, Understand steps of the Rx process - Analysis understanding
- Use of critiquing criteria to evaluate how well study meets each step
- Determine which level of evidence fits the study - Synthesis understanding
Describe study’s strengths and weaknesses, quality of conclusions
What are the 7 level of evidence
Level 1. Systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTS)
-Evidence informed clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews
Level 2
-A well designed RCT
Level 3
-Controlled trial without randomization (quaziexperimental study)
Level 4
-Single nonexperimental study (case control, correlational, cohort studies)
Level 5
-Systematic review of descriptive and qualitative studies
Level 6
-Single descriptive or qualitative study
Level 7
-Opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees
Levels of Evidence: What about qualitative views?
whys it so low?
The concept of levels of evidence tends to dominate the evidence-based practice literature rendering it unclear the merit of qualitative studies.
Levels of Evidence:Assumptions of Hierarchies
Although levels of evidence provided by qualitative studies ranks lower in the hierarchy, as a research consumer you need to consider that qualitative methods are the most effective way to attempt to answer clinical and research questions when little is known or when a new perspective is required
What is a research article?
What does it depend on?
A published study represents a shortened version of the complete work done by the researcher(s)
Much depends on:
- Journal’s space limitations
- Journal’s author guidelines
- The type or nature of the study
- Researcher’s evaluation of the most important component of the study
Steps of the Research Process: Qualitative Study 12
Identification of the phenomenon
Purpose of the study
Literature Review
Design/ Methods
Sample
Legal-Ethical Issues
Data collection procedure
Data Analysis
Findings
Discussion of findings
Recommendation, Limitations, and Implications
References
Steps of the Research Process: Quantitative Study
16
Research Problem
Purpose
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework or Conceptual Framework
Hypothesis/Research Question
Research Design
Sample: type and size
Legal-Ethical Issues
Instruments (measurement tools)
Reliability and Validity
Data Collection procedure
Data Analysis
Results
Discussion of results
Implications, Limitations and Recommendations
References