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Nurs 205 > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is nursing research important
3

What does it focus on

A
  • It is the foundation of your professional practice
  • It is integral to meet the challenge of providing quality care (e.g., improve patient outcomes)
  • National and provincial expectations to provide safe, competent, evidence-informed care

Pt outcomes / Issues

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2
Q

When was evidence based practice introduced and its importance

What is it

Evidence based NURSING Refers to incorporation of? 4

Acknowledges what factors beyond evidence 5

Nurses role 5

A
  • Formally introduced as EBM in 1992
  • Moving away from reliance on “the way it was always done” which can be found in almost every profession

A problem-solving approach to practice that incorporates a systemic search for and critical appraisal of the most relevant evidence to answer a clinical question

  • Research findings,
  • Clinical expertise,
  • Client preferences
  • Any resource to make an informed decision about client
  • Indigenous knowledge
  • Cultural norms
  • Clinical judgment/expertise (front line workers)
  • Expert opinion
  • Patient preferences
  • Acquire EIP competencies
  • Read and critique evidence-informed literature
  • Generate and explore researchable questions
  • Participate in the conduct of research and dissemination
  • Attend to ethical principles of research
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3
Q

Promoting depth in nursing research

-How do you promote depth and how do you build more evidence 2

A

Replication of studies is necessary to build more empirical evidence

Replication promotes generalizability of study findings to incorporate into practice

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4
Q

Is there evidence for a genetic link between stress and depression?

Caspi paper is on what?

How many times was it cited

What was discovered when trying to replicate the data

Culverhouse says what about true findings

A

Caspi et al., (2003) Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene

Cited more than 4000 times since 2003

98 research groups analyzed data to try and replicate the finding
* could not find a link between the serotonin genes, depression and stress *

Culverhouse “That’s why it’s so important to have true replication studies. Findings that are true will be replicated.”

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5
Q

Historical Development

-1850 to the present on nursing research 4

A
  • Promotion of health, prevention of disease, care of the sick
  • Publications showcasing nursing research
  • Growth of advanced nursing education programs (Master’s, PhD across Canada)
  • Initiatives to support/fund nursing studies
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6
Q

Canadian Research Priorities (CIHR) 5

A

Enhanced Pt experiences/outcomes through health innovation

Health of Indigenous peoples

Preventive action toward a healthier future

Improved QOL (quality of life) for those with chronic illness

Reducing health disparities in underserviced communities or populations (e.g., rural/remote)

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7
Q

International Research Priorities (WHO)

  • focused on?
  • 5 examples
A

some of the current priorities globally

Prevent malaria deaths
Eradicate polio
Reduce measles mortality
Mobile health for development
Innovation of health finance
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8
Q

5 steps and describe

A

Knowledge gap

  • ask questions that require answers from experts
  • Lack of theoretical/empirical knowledge

Knowledge generation

  • questions are devised about phenomenon
  • quantitative/qualitative methods used to answer questions

Knowledge distribution

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9
Q

5 steps and describe

A

Knowledge gap

  • ask questions that require answers from experts
  • Lack of theoretical/empirical knowledge

Knowledge generation

  • questions are devised about phenomenon
  • quantitative/qualitative methods used to answer questions

Knowledge distribution
-Knowledge is shared with profession through formal or informal reporting (papers vs internet and media)

Knowledge Adoption

  • new knowledge used to alter practice
  • used to develop policies and protocols

Knowledge Review and revision

  • New health issues lead to new questions
  • old knowledge revised or excluded
  • New questions need new research
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10
Q

Research Article 2 vs. Clinical or Scholarly Article 5

A

Clinical or Scholarly Article

  • “How-to” guide
  • Overview of a process or concept
  • Summary of guidelines or implications
  • Case report
  • Information about a new process, technique, standard, or review

Research Article

  • Follows the steps of the research process
  • Not a “how to” but answers a question with all the components of research clearly presented
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11
Q

What is Ontology

what is Epistemology and 3 questions it asks

A

The study of being or existence and its relationship to nonexistence.

Branch of philosophy that deal with what is known to be “truth”

“What is knowledge?”
“How is knowledge acquired?”
“How do we know what we know?”

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12
Q

Research Paradigms

What is a Paradigms
Name 3 sets of beliefs and practices

how does it help the researcher

A

Paradigm comes from “pattern”

Sets of beliefs and practices (Table 2.1 p. 27)

  • Post-positivism
  • Critical Social Theory
  • Constructivism

Guide researcher’s choice of Methodology
-i.e., Our values influence the choices we make in our aim to develop new knowledge

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13
Q

Post-Positivism

  • what basis of research is it
  • describes what
  • values what
  • What Ontology , what Epistemology
  • Acknowledges?
A

Is the basis of most quantitative research

Assumption that a material world exists and can be sensed (e.g., seen, touched, heard) and measured

Values objectivity

Objectivist epistemology, Realist ontology

Acknowledges the potential for fallible observation and error… theory is revisable

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14
Q

Constructivism

  • what basis of research is it
  • describes what
  • values what
  • What Ontology , what Epistemology
  • Acknowledges?
A

Is the basis for most qualitative research

Assumption that phenomenon can only be explored through the eyes of the people who live it

Values subjectivity

Subjectivist epistemology, Relativist ontology

The main assumption is that reality is and the way in which we understand our world is dependent on our perceptions

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15
Q

Critical Social Theory

  • what basis of research is it
  • describes what
  • What Ontology , what Epistemology
  • Acknowledges?
A

Basis for both quantitative and qualitative research (e.g., participatory action research)

Assumes that reality is constructed by those with the most power throughout history

Contextual epistemology and ontology

Understanding health and illness within the context of social, historical, political, economical, cultural factors, and social justice

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16
Q

Matching research goals with research philosophy

What is Pragmatism
3 points of it

A

thinking of or dealing with problems in a practical way, rather than by using theory or abstract principles.

  • Different research methods accomplish different goals
  • The research question will guide the choice of methodology
  • Methods can be combined when this approach is compatible with the research goals
17
Q

Quantitative Research

  • Describes what and how
  • Research questions involve? 4
  • 6 steps?
A

Systematically describes a phenomenon

  • Testing relationships
  • Assessing group differences
  • Clarifying cause-effect interactions
  • Explaining effectiveness of specific interventions
Step 1
-identify research purpose and question
Step 2
-review literature to see what is known
Step 3
-Identify framework and explain how concepts relate
Step 4
-Choose study design
Step 5
-Select sample and measure concepts
Step 6 Analyze data and report if hypotheses true/false
18
Q

Qualitative Research

  • Creates what
  • Research questions focus on
  • 7 steps
A

Create meaning about a phenomenon

Meaning
Understanding
Lived experiences

Step 1
-Identify research purpose and question
Step 2
-Select small group who experienced phenomenon of interest
Step 3
-Conduct interviews about phenomenon of interest or observe group
Step 4
-Analyze data and look for recurring themes
Step 5
-Review literature
Step 6
-Conduct more interview and observations until no new themes occur (saturation)

Review literature again?

Step 7
-Summarise findings and describe human experience

19
Q

Mixed Methods Research

-what is it

A

Combining research methods

“..research in which the investigator collects and analyzes data, integrates the findings, and draws inferences using both qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study….”

20
Q

What is deductive and inductive reason

A

Deductive is quantitative, going from theory to research

Inductive is qualitative going from research to theory

21
Q

What is a theory

A

“A theory is a set of interrelated concepts that serves the purpose of explaining or predicting phenomenon” (Lobiondo-Wood et al., 2018, p. 41).

A blueprint or a guide for modelling a structure

22
Q

What is a theoretical and conceptual framework

A

A theoretical framework provides structure for conceptual relationships that already exist in the literature; a ready-made map for the study.
(Already known)

A conceptual framework is a structure of concepts, theories, or both pulled together as a map for the study.
Researcher’s theory of the interrelation between concepts
(new research)

Nurs 205 (11 decks)

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