Class 13 Prevalence & Universality sexual orientations

Question 1

”In general, it can be said that where homosexuality is lauded, or even merely approved, it tends to be prevalent , and that, where there are strictures against it, is less prevalent.”

Answer 1

In societies where homosexuality is accepted, it is more prevalent. In societies where homosexuality is frowned against, there will be less prevelance of it.

Question 2

True or False: ”Men are more likely to report
that they are exclusively
heterosexual than women”

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

T or F:
In the USA, Exclusive heterosexuals far outnumber non -heterosexuals

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

What is the kinsey scores for the graph on population prevelance and sexuality in the West?

Answer 4

0 = completely heterosexual
1= mostly heterosexual
2-4 = bisexual
5= mostly homosexual
6= completely homosexual

Question 5

Which sexuality is the secon most prevelant (next to complete heterosexuality) in the west?

Answer 5

Kinsey scale #1 Mostly heterosexual!
Individuals who are mostly heterosexual (kiney scale 1) are much more common than those with stronger “same-sex” feelings (kinsey scales 2-6)

Question 6

In the west, is it more women or more men who rate themselves as mostly heterosexual compared to the oppisite sex?

Answer 6

Women! More women rate themselves as mostly heterosexual compared to men

Question 7

What is the percentage of individuals who occupy the kinsey 5 and 6 scales (mostly homosexual and completly homosexual?)

Answer 7

Less than 5 %. A very small minority of people in the west identify as either mostly homosexual or completley homosexual.

Question 8

Exclusive or complete homosexuality in the west is more common in men or women?

Answer 8

Men! but Bisexuality is slightly more prevelant in women!

Question 9

Who on the kinsey scale is bisexual?

Answer 9

everyone from 1-5 (0 = complete heterosexual and 6 = complete homosexual)

Question 10

In the west, bisexuality is more frequent in men or women?

Answer 10

Women!

Question 11

Where on the kinsey scale is substancial bisexuality?

Answer 11

2-4!

Question 12

Which is more prevelant in men in the west? Exclusive homosexuality or substancial bisexuality?

Answer 12

Exclusive homosexuality is more common in men than substancial bisexuality!

Question 13

Which is more prevelant in women in the west? Exclusive homosexuality or substanical bisexuality?

Answer 13

Substancial bisexuality is more common in women than is exclusive homosexuality.

Question 14

Sexual orientation in _____________appears more continuous than in _________.

Answer 14

Sexual orientation in women appears more continuous than in men. (The graph depicts a Negative exponetial curve.)

Question 15

Sexual orientation in ______________ appears more bimodel than in __________.

Answer 15

Sexual orientation in men appears more bimodel than in women.
(The graph depicts a Bimodel J-curve).

Question 16

True or False? Sexual orientation rates are relatively stable across nations.

Answer 16

TRUE!

Question 17

Remember! : Sexual orientation rates are unrelated to various socio-cultural variables.

Answer 17

Remember!

Question 18

Interestingly, sexual orientation rates are UNRELATED to a variety of socio cultural variables across 28 nations. What are some examples?

Answer 18

-gender equality
-gender empowerment
-economic development
-individualism/collectivism

Question 19

According to John D, Emilio, why is there more of us than there was 100 years ago?

Answer 19

ideological conditions have made it easier for people to make the choice to be gay

Question 20

Who conducted a study in 1901 on his fellow male university students in Amsterdam?

Answer 20

Lucien von Romer
He found that 1.9% were homosexual (gay).

Question 21

Who conducted two studies in Berlin in 1903 and 1904?

Answer 21

Magnus Hirschfeld.
In 1903 he placed the prevelant rate for homosexuality at 1.5%.
In 1904, he obtained a prevelance of homosexuality at 1.7%.
A jump in only a year.

Question 22

does the population prevelance rate for male androphilia differ depending on whether one is cisgender or transgender?

Answer 22

fafafine and gay men exhibit similar population prevelance rates.

Question 23

Intersubjecitevly, fafafine and gay men are considered….

Answer 23

different categories!

Question 24

In an objective reality, gay men and fafafine are considered the same natural kind; BOTH…..

Answer 24

male androphiles! But different culturall specific expressions.

Question 25

Homosexuality does not exist in all cultures. True or False

Answer 25

TRUE!

Question 26

which culture is homosexuality “absent”

Answer 26

Aka Pygmies

Question 27

Why is it unlikely that homosexualitly is abscent amoung the Aka?
It does probably exist…

Answer 27

1. Insuffiecient sample size to detect male or female homosexuality.
2. Asked about behavior, but not about feelings.
3. Demographic constraints on the expression of homosexual behavior.
4. Abscence of a word for homosexuality is not enidence for abscence of the phenomenon.

Question 28

In the Sulu islands there are two types of “cultures” or individuals. Who are they?

Answer 28

Tausug and the Bajau

Question 29

Describe Tausung:

Answer 29

1. Premarital heterosexual sex is taboo.
2. Transgender male androphiles accepted and public.
3. Male homosexual behavior is tolerated and routine.

Question 30

Describe Bajau:

Answer 30

1. Premarital heterosexual sex is accepted.
2. Male homosexual transactions are highly taboo and described as abscent.

Question 31

Is homosexuality abscent in Bajau culture?

Answer 31

1. Some Bajau men seek out Tausung men for sex. (These Bajau men have access to female partners.)
2. Feminine males exist amoung the Bajau, who are described as resembling Tausung homosexuals.

Question 32

What does Whitham suggest about homosexuality?

Answer 32

“It’s highly probable that a small group of homosexual people exist in all
societies ….”

Question 33

REMEMBER

Answer 33

For demographic reasons, male androphilia and female gynephilia may really be absent in small groups because both are low frequency traits that are only expressed in larger populations

Question 34

REMEMBER

Answer 34

For demographic reasons, male androphiles and female gynephiles may be present, but appear absent, because such individuals never come into contact with others like themselves and thus, they have no sexual outlet, so same-sex sexual behavior is never expressed

Question 35

REMEMBER

Answer 35

For cultural reasons, male androphilia and female gynephilia may be present, but appear absent because both are taboo and thus, never expressed behaviorally or in terms of open declarations of identity

Question 36

REMEMBER

Answer 36

The existence of same-sex sexual orientation (feelings) appears to exist in a context independent manner, but its actual expression (behavior, open declarations of identity) is context dependent

Question 37

What do Aka and Ngandu have in common?

Answer 37

1. Geography (Central Africa)
2. They both view sexual intercourse as “work of the night.” = Production of children.

Question 38

How is semen understood to be necassary to the Aka and the Ngandu?

Answer 38

for conception and for the health and development of the fetus.

Question 39

The Aka are _________ and the Ngandu are____________

Answer 39

The Aka are foragers. They are egalitarian (gender equal).
The Ngandu are slash and burn farmers. Significant gender inequality.

Question 40

How do the Aka and Ngandu speak of sex?

Answer 40

“Searching for Children.”

Question 41

Although pleasurable, what is the main focus of sex for Ngando and Aka?

Answer 41

babies

Question 42

What do the Hewletts conclude on thier visit?

Answer 42

The homosexuality and masturbation are rare or nonexsistant in these two cultures, not because they are frowned upon but because they are not apart of the cultural models of sexuality in either ethnic group.