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abnormal psych test 1 > class 1 > Flashcards

class 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

externalizing disorders

A

very obvious and bothersome to others, defined as problems turned outward, conduct problems, problems of under control (unable to control impulses)

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2
Q

externalizing disorders are also referred to as

A

behavior disorders, conduct problems, or aggression

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3
Q

internalizing disorders

A

cannot be seem as easily, defined as problems turned inwards, problems of overcontrol

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4
Q

internalizing disorders also referred to as

A

emotional problems, personality problems, inhibition

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5
Q

internalizing problems and age

A

as age increases, the number of internalizing problems/symptoms increase

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6
Q

relationship between females and # of internalizing problems

A

-as age increases, F show more problems than males
-# of problems seems to increase by early adolescence (while males do not increase as much)

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7
Q

of internalizing problems (initial) q

A

no one is at 0 problems, giving the conclusion that having internalizing problems to a certain degree is normal

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8
Q

externalizing problem # and males

A

-M have higher # of externalizing problems at a younger age but then it decreases over time
-M have higher starting level of externalizing problems

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9
Q

parents/teachers rate ___ problems are more serious while kids identify ___ problems more often

A

externalizing disorders; internalizing

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10
Q

are internal or external disorders easier to treat

A

internalizing

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11
Q

early psychopathological research

A

involved externalizing disorders (recognized in 1970s) and were given more attention than internalizing disorders

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12
Q

what improved the recognition and treatment of internalizing disorders

A

invention of cognitive psychology and cognitive behavioral therapy (1980s)

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13
Q

DSM internalizing disorders

A

anxiety ( incl. OCD), depression (incl. bipolar), somatic (incl. eating disorders) and schizophrenia

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14
Q

DSM externalizing disorders

A

conduct disorder, ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, antisocial personality disorder

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15
Q

comorbidity

A

presence of 1 or more psychological disorder

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16
Q

individuals with externalizing disorders have poorer

A

cognitive, academic and social functioning (poorer prognosis) than those with internalizing disorders

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17
Q

psychopathology

A

study of the nature, development and treatment of psychological disorders

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18
Q

prevalence of meeting criteria for 1 mental illness over the last year

A

25-30%

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19
Q

prevalence of meeting criteria for 1 mental illness over lifetime

A

50%

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20
Q

what % of people will have no disorders over lifetime

A

52%

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21
Q

what % of people will have one disorder over lifetime

A

21%

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22
Q

what % of people will have two disorders over lifetime

A

13%

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23
Q

what % of people will have 3 disorders over lifetime

A

14%

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24
Q

12 month prevalence of anxiety disorders

A

18%

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25
Q

12 month prevalence of mood disorders

A

9.5%

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26
Q

12 month prevalence of ICD disorders

A

8.9%

27
Q

12 month prevalence of substance disorders

A

3.8

28
Q

12 month prevalence of any disorders

A

26.2%

29
Q

first force

A

psychoanalysis
-founded in Europe around 1890
-Freud and Jung

30
Q

psychoanalysis (1st force)

A

-Germany and Austria
-Freud believed that we are all aggressive, sexual beings that are controlled by unconscious, those more educated are not above anyone else because we are all animals

31
Q

second force

A

radical behaviorism
-founded in US around 1920
-Skinner and Watson

32
Q

radical behaviorism (2nd force)

A

-what you see is what you get
-your personality develops by interactions with the environment (stimulus responses)
-all observable

33
Q

third force

A

humanism
-founded in Europe and US around 1940
-Rogers and Maslow

34
Q

humanism (3rd force)

A

-generally positive, believed that leaving people to their own devices that they would get happy overtime
-positive regards will help you get better

35
Q

neo-freudians

A

-Horney, Fromm, Erickson
-social factors (birth order, attachment to caregiver) also played role in who we are that freud did not look at

36
Q

trait theorists

A

-Cattell, Eysenck
-there are a finite number of personality traits (such as neurotic, openness)
-if you knew someones personality traits you could predict how they would act in the future
-used factor analysis and were generally very quantitative

37
Q

Social learning theory (SLT)

A

believed that we learn by observing others or examples, look at inner workings of the mind

38
Q

cognitive behavioral theory

A

-Michenbaum and Beck
-figure out what cognitive distortion is at play to cause the disorder and then internalize it by looking at inner workings of mind

39
Q

intermediate forces in personality psychology

A

neo-freudians
trait theorists
social learning theory/CBT

40
Q

disthesis stress model function

A

suggests that a biological vulnerability in combination with psychosocial or environmental stress creates the necessary conditions for illness to occur

41
Q

diathesis

A

biological vulnerability

42
Q

4 reasons why we need to classify psychological disorders

A
  1. common nomenclature
  2. facilitates clinical interview and thinking
  3. facilitates research into etiology and treatment
  4. creation of public policy
43
Q

categorical systems

A

place people into two groups, those who have the disorder and those who do not (DSM)

44
Q

dimensional systems

A

describe different levels of the disorder, usually based on severity such as a continuum of mild, moderate, severe (CBCL)

45
Q

4 criteria for evaluating categorical systems

A
  1. categories should be defined by several features of behaviors that are: measurable, clearly defined, regularly occurring together
  2. categories should be reliable: between raters in a single setting, between raters in different settings, within a developmental phase
  3. categories should have good validity
  4. the system should be economical (not have more categories than needed but also not too few)
46
Q

DSM-1

A

-1950
-glossary of descriptions of 106 diagnostic categories

47
Q

DSM-II

A

-1968
-168 diagnostic categories

48
Q

1974 revison to DSM-II

A

removed homosexuality as a disorder

49
Q

DSM-III

A

-1980
-explicit diagnostic criteria (symptoms, timelines, etc)
-multiaxial system
-265 diagnostic categories

50
Q

DSM-III-R

A

-1987
-292 diagnostic categories

51
Q

DSM-IV

A

-1994
-3 stage revision (literature reviews, data re-analyses, field trials)
-developed committees based on disorders (made up of psychologists and psychiatrists

52
Q

DSM-IV-TR

A

-2000
-criteria of DSM-IV the same
-revisions of descriptions of disorders based on new research
-over 300 diagnostic categories

53
Q

DSM-5 came out in

A

2013

54
Q

unspecified diagnosis

A

used when a person clearly displays abnormal behavior, but does not meet enough criteria for a specific type of diagnosis (try to avoid)

55
Q

Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL)

A

-developed by Achenbach
-150 items that fall into 2 borad domains (competence scales and clinical scales)
-completed by parents, teachers, older children

56
Q

8 dimensions of behaviors of CBCL

A

-withdrawn
-somatic complaints
-anxious/depressed
-social problems
-thought problems
-attention problems
-rule breaking/delinquent behavior
-aggressive behavior

57
Q

axis I

A

clinical disorders and other conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention:
-mood disorders
-anxiety disorders
-psychotic disorders
-substance use disorders
-cognitive disorders
-pervasive developmental disorders
-eating disorders

58
Q

axis II

A

-mental retardation/intellectual disability
-adult personality disorders (cluster A, B, C)

59
Q

Cluster A (axis II)

A

asocial, odd, eccentric

60
Q

Cluster B (axis II)

A

flamboyant, emotional erratic

61
Q

Cluster C (axis II)

A

anxious, fearful

62
Q

axis III

A

general medical conditions (relevant to understanding/management of axis I or II disorders):
-infectious and parasitic diseases
-cancer
-endocrine, metabolic diseases
-nervous system diseases
-complications of pregnancy/childbirth
-injury, poisoning

63
Q

axis IV

A

psychosocial and environmental problems/stressors:
-problems with primary support group
-problems related to social environment
-educational/occupational problems
-housing problems
-economic/financial problems
-legal problems

64
Q

axis V

A

global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale: objective, numerical measurement of overall psychological, social and occupational functioning
–91-100: superior functioning, no symptoms
–61-70: mild symptoms or mild difficulty in functioning, has meaningful relationships
–51-60: moderate symptoms or moderate difficulty in functioning
–41-50: serious symptoms or serious difficulty in functioning
–21-30: delusions or hallucinations
–1-10: danger of severely hurting self of others

abnormal psych test 1 (3 decks)

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