CLASP Flashcards
The main site of infection for aspiration pneumonia is the lower section of the left lobe t/f?
F
the main site of infection is located on the inferior right lobe
What are some clinical signs of alcoholism?
Dupuytren’s contracture
Palmer erythema
Caput Medusa (haemorrhoids, spider naevi)
In which lung does most aspiration happen? Why?
Right lung, right bronchus is more vertical than left one
What is the histological sign of aspiration pneumonia?
Honeycomb lung
What are the 3 componenets of Wernicke Korstoff’s syndrome? What organ is Wernicke K associated with?
The brain 1. Ataxia - shaky gait 2. nystagmus - involuntary eye movement 3. Opthalmoplegia - paralysis of muscle surrounding eye also loss of memory and disprientation
What is a subdural haematoma? What group is at risk of subdural haematoma and why?
Rupture of veins in the brain
Old peope, brain shrinks with age and sudden movement or falls an cause rupture
Thiamine maintains what? How can we determine thiamine defciency?
Peripheral nerves
Wrist drop, foot drop
Risk of aspiration higher in alcoholics bcause?
Vomiting
Muscle and CNS relax - supression of gag reflex
Measurable changes in fatty content of liver can be seen if an individual were to drink around 16- 24 units over 1 or 2 days
t/f
T
Why does alcohol lead to accumulation of fat in the liver? 4
1) Turbulin impairment leads to decreased delivery of fat OUT of hepatocytes
2) Reduced mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids
3) Conversion of NAD to NADH by alcohol stimulates lipid synthesis
4) Increased delivery of free fatty acids to liver
Mallory’s hyaline is a sign of alcoholic toxicity t/f
F
non specific reaction
How does alcoholic steatohepatitis present?
Fever, liver tenderness and jaundice
microscopic view of a cirrhotic liver and illustrates the pink - being encircled by dense bands of scarring - .
Surface of cirrhotic liver will be covered in -.
- - from peripheral blood can’t access hepatocytes to be -. And, - synthesized by hepatocytes are trapped. It is difficult for - to flow through such scarred tissue. This can lead to - -.
hepatocytes, fibrosis Nodules toxic substances metabolized proteins blood portal hypertension
The liver is an important site of - where the stores of - in the liver are mobilized and increase blood - levels. Alcohol inhibits this process and can lead to -. These effects are partly responsible for the success of 24hr fast food establishments.
gluconeogenesis, glycogen, glucose, hypoglycaemia
Alcohol is a muscle -. With - of the lower oesophageal sphincter there is an increase in - of gastric contents. Alcohol is thought to act through - - in the central nervous system. Alcohol can often relieve -.
relaxant, relaxation,reflux, GABA receptors, pain
