Claasic: Baddeley

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

To investigate the influence of acoustic and semantic word similarity on learning and recall in short term and long term memory

Question 2

Method

Answer 2

Lab-asking to recall acoustically and semantically similar word lists. 10 words either AS, AD, SS, SD
Ppt completed 6 tasks (8 digits) then asked to wrote down correct order (done 4 times)
15 min distract or task (copying numbers) then a surprise recall (words shown on a card and asked to put them in the correct order)

Independant measures design

Control-hearing test-each word presented for 3 secs

Question 3

Results

Answer 3

Acoustically similar words were recalled worse than dissimilar words during the initial phase (trail 2 was statistically sig at P<0.05)

Semantically similar words were significantly the hardest to recall in the surprise recall. (P<0.05)

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

Short term memory is acoustically encoded

Long term memory is semantically encoded

Question 5

+standardised

Answer 5

Since the study is a lab experiment it can be seen as highly replicable.

There were high levels of controls in the study such as the words that were used, the exact timing of the procedures etc and so the study could be easily repeated to check the results for reliability.

This high level of control also means that extraneous variables were eliminated which means that they were able to focus on the effects of the iv on the dv E.g words presented in a random order on card)

Question 6

-lab experiment

Answer 6

Different from everyday life, in real life you wouldn’t have to recall monosyllabic words in a selected order and so the study lacks mundane realism, this means the results can’t be applied to real life.

Question 7

-independant measures

Answer 7

This study used independent measures design which means that there might be participant variables between the participants i.e. natural memory, intelligence etc which could affect their scores on the memory tests used.

Question 8

-sample

Answer 8

applied psychology research unit and may share characteristics with each other, this means their results may not represent how others may have done because of their shared characteristics (though it did use both men and women).

Question 9

Sample

Answer 9

72 ppt (m+f) from applied psychology research unit

Question 10

+Independant measures

Answer 10

Reduce order effects