CLA | Written language- key theories and concepts Flashcards
According to Reah, what is environmental writing?
When children begin to assign meaning to symbols.
According to Reah, what is emergent writing?
Children begin to understand that writing is a form of communication and their marks on paper convey a message.
According to Reah, what is directionality in writing?
When children understand that way letters are formed.
What is a digraph?
Two graphemes together which make one sound.
Name some common errors children make with writing.
They spell phonetically, linked to accent. They also use one letter to indicate a syllable and they omit vowels.
What is an ascender?
Portion of a letter which goes above the usual height of
letters in any font.
Name Barclay’s seven stages of children’s writing. (In order)
Scribbling- mock hand writing- mock letters- conventional letters- invented spelling- phonetic spelling- conventional spelling.
According to Barclay, what is scribbling?
These are random marks on a page.
According to Barclay, what is mock hand writing?
This often appears with drawings. Children produce lines of wavy scribbles.
According to Barclay, what are mock letters?
Children make letter-like shapes that resemble conventional alphabet letters.
According to Barclay, what are conventional letters?
a string of letters across a page that a child reads as a sentence.
According to Barclay, what is invented spelling?
Clustered letters that represent words.
According to Barclay what is phonetic spelling?
Children begin to associate sounds with the letters.
According to Barclay, what is conventional spelling?
The child’s approximated spellings become more and more conventional.
What were Kroll’s four stages of written development?
The preparatory stage, the consolidation stage, differentiation stage, integration stage.
According to Kroll A) When does the preparatory stage occur and B) What is the preparatory stage?
A between the ages of 4 and 7.
B Basic motor skills develop and principles of the spelling system acquired.
According to Kroll A) When does the consolidation stage occur and B) What is the consolidation stage?
A between the ages of 7 and 9.
B Children begin to use writing to express what they can already say in speech. Writing closely reflects the patterns of spoken language. There may be colloquialisms, strings of clauses linked by “and”, unfinished sentences.
According to Kroll A) When does the differentiation stage occur and B) What is the differentiation stage?
A From the age of 9.
B Writing begins to diverge from speech and develops its own patterns and organisation. Their written work becomes fuller and more diverse as they encounter the need to produce different kinds of writing for different audiences and purposes.
According to Kroll A) When does the integration stage occur and B) What is the integration stage?
A From the age of 14
B Writers have such a good command of language that they can vary their stylistic choices at will and develop a personal ‘voice’. This continues to develop throughout adult life.
