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CLA * Flashcards

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1
Q

PHONOLOGY

Babbling

A

6-9 MONTHS

Narrows to only the sounds needed in that language.

Variation or consonants and vowels.
Moves mouth more - pitch can change.

Huge ‘explosion’ sounds produced
(e.g. da da da)

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2
Q

PHONOLOGY

Consonant Clusters

A

Groups of consonants (e.g. ‘str’ ‘gl’) that demand more muscular control than single consonants or vowels.

Tend to appear later in baby’s utterances.

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3
Q

PHONOLOGY

Cooing

A

4-7 MONTHS

Attempt to communicate.
Longer vowel sounds - open airflow - cant restrict.

(e.g. ooh)

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4
Q

PHONOLOGY

Phonemic Contraction

A

Sounds are reduced, only make sounds of their own language.

After 9 months

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5
Q

PHONOLOGY

Phonemic Expansion

A

Amount of sounds/vowels increases muscular control develops.

Produce sounds from all different languages.
6-9 months

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6
Q

PHONOLOGY

Protowords

A

Cluster of sounds.

Baby’s attempt to articulate specific words (9-12 months)

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7
Q

PHONOLOGY

Reduplicated Monosyllabic

A

Repetition of a sound/syllable.
Feature of ‘baby talk’

e.g. choo-choo , moo-moo , ba 👹

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8
Q

PHONOLOGY

Vegetative State

A

Few ways of communicating.

Crying expresses their needs

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9
Q

PHONOLOGY

Phoneme

A

Unit of sound > 44 sounds

100 muscles are involved in speaking

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10
Q

PHONOLOGY

Assimilation

A

Borrowing/reduplicating a sound that’s in the word and replacing it.

e.g. ‘garden’ > ‘darden’

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11
Q

PHONOLOGY

Phonemic Deletion

A

Omit the sound

e.g. /pl/ > /p/
play > pay

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12
Q

PHONOLOGY

Phonemic Substitution

A

Replace the difficult sound with an easier one.

e.g. /dat/ , /dere/ /dis/

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13
Q

PHONOLOGY

Consonant

A

Most master all consonants at age 7

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14
Q

PHONOLOGY

Vowel

A

Come first in a child’s language development.

Vowels tend to be easier to master than consonants.

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15
Q

PHONOLOGY

Monophthong

A

Shows that a vowel is spoken with exactly one tone and one mouth position.

e.g. when you say “teeth”, then while you are creating the sound of the “ee”, nothing changes for that sound

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16
Q

PHONOLOGY

Diphthong

A

A combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

The tongue moves during the pronunciation of the vowel

/aɪ/ , /eɪ/ , /əʊ/ ,/aʊ/ ,/eə/ ,/ɪə/ ,/ɔɪ/, /ʊə/.

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17
Q

PHONOLOGY

Velar Consonant

A

Back part of the tongue against the soft palate.

/k/ /g/ /n/

18
Q

PHONOLOGY

Alveolar Consonant

A

Touching ridge behind the teeth.

/t/ /n/ /d/

19
Q

PHONOLOGY

Bilabial Consonant

A

Both lips.

/p/ > purse , rap
/b/ > back , cab
/m/ > mad , clam

20
Q

PHONOLOGY

Fricative

A

A consonant that is made when you squeeze air through a small hole or gap in your mouth.

There are 9 fricative consonants in English:
/v/ /f/ /z/ /s/ etc

21
Q

PHONOLOGY

Plosive

A

Made by completely blocking the air flow of air as it leaves the body, normally followed by releasing the air.

English has six plosive consonants m:
/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/

22
Q

..

Virtuous Errors

A

Show evidence of a child’s acquisition of language they are learning.

(e.g.

23
Q

GRAMMATICAL STAGES

Holophrastic Stage

A

12 months approximately

Mainly nouns

One word utterances

24
Q

GRAMMATICAL STAGES

Two Word Stage

A

18 Months - 2 Years

Utterances constructed of two words

Mainly subject and verb
or
Verb and object

25
Q

GRAMMATICAL STAGES

Telegraphic Stage

A

2 Years - 3 Years

Can construct utterances of three words or more.

Mainly nouns and verbs - the content words

Tend to omit auxiliaries, prepositions, (in)definite articles.

Form basic questions
e.g. why he go

Form basic negatives
e.g. I not want that

26
Q

GRAMMATICAL STAGES

Post-telegraphic Stage

A

3 Years Plus

Begins to use:

auxiliary verbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Indefinite and Definite Articles

Construct more accurate questions
Begin to form negatives
Begin to use correct inflections

27
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Categorial Overextention

A

Relates to confusing a hypernym (fruit) with a hyponym (e.g. banana)

28
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Analogical Overextention

A

Associating objects which are unrelated but which have one or more common feature.

29
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Predicate Overextention

A

Conveying meaning that relates to absence. (Thing that’s no longer there)

e.g. saying cat when looking at cats empty basket

30
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Underextention

A

e.g. shoe is used for their shoe, not other shoes

31
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Hypernyms

A

Category of words.

e.g. fruit

32
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Hyponyms

A

Words in category.

e.g. banana, apple, orange

33
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Labelling

A

Making the link between sounds or words and the object to which they refer.

(Jean Aitchison - 1987)

34
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Network Building

A

Involves grasping the connections between words.

35
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Packaging

A

Understanding a words range of meaning.

What are the limits/boundaries of this word?

(Over/underextension - through practice and interaction)

36
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Productive Vocabulary

A

What a child can say.

37
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Receptive Vocabulary

A

What a child understands.

38
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Nouns

A

60% of child’s first words will be a noun - Nelson

39
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Verbs

A

Auxiliary verb: Verbs that supports the main verb.

Main verb: carries the most meaning state or an action.

e.g. I do not like that.

do > auxiliary
like > main verb

e.g. can I have a biscuit?

can > auxiliary
have > main verb

41
Q

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENT

Lexicon size

A

18 months - 50 words

2 Years - 200 words

5 Years - 2,000 words

7 Years - 4,000 words

English Language (8 decks)

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