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ACR: Test 2 > CKD > Flashcards

CKD Flashcards

1
Q

How is CKD defined?

A

damage to kidneys for decrease in function x3 mo

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2
Q

top 3 causes of CKD

A

DM
HTN
NSAIDs

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3
Q

S/S of CKD

A 
Fatigue
HTN
\+/- Urination
Edema
H2O/Electrolyte imbalances
Hematuria/Proteinuria
SCr/BUN
Decrease GFR
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4
Q 
GFR for...
Stage 1
Stage 2 
Stage 3a
Stage 3b
Stage 4
Stage 5
A 
Stage 1: >90
Stage 2: 90-60
Stage 3a: 59-45
Stage 3b: 44-30
Stage 4: 29-15
Stage 5: <15
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5
Q

Describe…
Stage 1/2 CKD
Stage 3/4 CKD
Stage 5 CKD

A

Stage 1/2 CKD: structural abnormalities with preserved renal fxn
Stage 3/4 CKD: reduced function, symptomatic
Stage 5 CKD: ESRD

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6
Q

What is included in the W/U for CKD?

A 
GFR: <60
Microalbuminuria (proteinuria)
UA (broad waxy casts)
Serum Electrolytes
High BUN/SCr
Abnormal: Hgb, Hct, low EPO, dysmorphic RBC
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7
Q

How do you Tx CKD?

A 
ACEI/ARB/DI
Managecomorbidities (DM, HTN, Smoking)
Maintain Hgb
Dietary management 
- restrict protein
- Ca/Vit D supplement
- limit: H2O, Na, K, Ph
- No NSAIDs
Hemodialysis (peritoneal)
Kidney Transplant
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8
Q

What are some systemic effects of CKD

A 
Anemia
HTN
Prolonged bleeding 
Dermatologic manifestations
Electrolyte manifestations
Bone manifestations
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9
Q

How do you dx glomerulonephirtis

A

Renal bx
UA (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts)
Proteinuria
high BUN/SCr

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10
Q

what are examples of Nephrotic dzs

A

Minimal Change dz
Focal segmental GS
Membranous GN

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11
Q

What are examples of Nephritic

A

Post infectious GN
Crescentic GN
IgA

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12
Q 
Nephrotic syndrome 
Urine casts: \_\_\_\_\_
Proteinuria: \_\_\_\_\_
Hematuria: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Clinical features: \_\_\_\_
A

Urine casts: fatty casts
Proteinuria: >3.5 g/day
Hematuria: +/-
Clinical features: Generalized edema, periorbital edema, HTN

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13
Q 
Nephritic syndrome 
Urine casts: \_\_\_\_\_
Proteinuria: \_\_\_\_\_
Hematuria: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Clinical features: \_\_\_\_
A

Urine casts: RBC casts
Proteinuria: <3.5 g/day
Hematuria: ++ (coca-cola urine)
Clinical features: HTN, Edema

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14
Q

what can cause Acid/Base issues?

A 
M: Methanol (Metformin)
U: Uremia
D: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
P: Paraldeyhde
I: Iron, Isoniazid (intoxication)
L: lactic acid
E: Ethylene glycol
S: Salicylates
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15
Q

what causes alcoholic ketoacidosis?

  • Labs?
  • Tx?
A

poor nutritional status w/ abrupt EtOH cessation or binge drinking
Labs: low K/Na+
Fomepizole

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16
Q

what is the result of Chronic ASA use?

A

Peptic ulcer
wheezing
tinnitus

17
Q

what is the result of chronic Tylenol use?

A

Steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver dz)

ACR: Test 2 (10 decks)

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