CKD Flashcards
What happens in CKD
Decreased kidney function/kidney damage for 3 or more mths based on blood test, urinalysis & imaging studies
- GFR <60ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 mths with or without indication of kidney damage (normal: 100-120ml/min, will decrease as grow older)
What are the modifiable risk factors to CKD
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Uncontrolled DM
- Exposure to toxins (e.g. NSAID)
- CVD
- HTN
- Recurrent pyelonephritis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Renal kidney disease
- Tubulointestinal disease
- Lupus
- Amyloidosis
- Prostate disease
What are the non-modifiable risk factors of CKD
- Fam hx
- > 65 yrs
- Ethnicity
Pathophysiology of CKD
Progressive & irreversible damage to kidney > Gradually decline in kidney function > Lose ability to conc urine & excrete wasteful toxin/substances
(GFR reduced with nephron loss, kidney will compensate until 75-80% of nephrons are damaged/non-functional)
How many stages are there in CKD
Stage1: normal kidney function (remaining nephron adapt & become bigger + work harder to maintain urine production)
Stage 2: mild decrease in kidney function
Stage 3: moderate decrease in kidney function
Stage 4: severe decrease in kidney function
Stage 5: completely lost kidney function (develop renal failure/ESKD)
(*dialysis is done in stage 4 & 5)
What are the SS of CKD
When kidney first lose ability to conc urine:
1. Polyuria
2. Nocturia
As disease progresses:
3. Oedema
4. Oliguria
- Increased urea & creatinine
Uremia occurring due to increased waste substances from decreased o/p:
6. Fatigue
7. Nausea
8. LOA
Toxin build up:
9. Uremic encephalopathy
10. Asterixis (tremor when extending wrist)
11. Pericarditis
12. Uremic frost
- HTN (from Na retention & RAAS activation)
- Anaemia
- HyperK
- Metabolic acidosis
- Disorder in phosphate & Ca metabolism
- Renal osteodystrophy (weak & brittle bone from trying to increase Ca lvl)
