AKI Flashcards

1
Q

How does AKI occur

A

Sudden decrease in kidney function over hrs/days
- unable to manage fluid, e- & ab balance
- decreased excretion of waste product (urea & creatinine)
- retention of nitrogenous waste products (azotemia) = increased creatinine in bloodstream
- decreased GFR = decreased o/p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors of AKI

A

Exposure to nephrotoxic drugs
- ACEI
- NSAID/Acetaminophen
- Diuretics
- Contrast dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the non-modifiable risk factors of AKI

A
  1. Advanced age
  2. Autoimmune disease
  3. Uncontrolled HTN
  4. DM
  5. Ca
  6. Heart, lung & kidney disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of AKI

A

Pre-renal (smth to do with blood flow/renal perfusion), Intra-renal (problem/damage to kidney itself/inflammation), Post-renal (obstruction/decreased outflow of urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What conditions cause pre-renal AKI

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Haemorrhage
  3. Hypovolemia
  4. Burns
  5. Ascities
  6. HF
  7. MI
  8. Shock
  9. Toxic drugs to kidney interfering with circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What conditions cause intra-renal AKi

A
  1. Glomerulonephritis
  2. Damage by toxin
  3. Prolonged ischaemic injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What conditions cause post-renal AKI

A
  1. Ureter stones
  2. BPH/enlarged prostate
  3. Toxic drug
  4. Stricture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the different phases in AKI

A

Oliguria, diuretic, recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the SS of AKI

A
  1. Decreased urine o/p (*first sign)
  2. Fluid overload
  3. Increased weight
  4. Peripheral oedema
  5. HTN
  6. Bounding pulse
  7. Distended neck vein
  8. Pulm oedema
  9. Hyperk (muscle weakness & cardiac arrhythmia)
  10. HypoCa (tetany - involuntary muscle cramp)
  11. Phosphate retention/hyperphosphataemia
  12. Anorexia
  13. Weight loss
  14. Vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the complications of AKI

A
  1. Uremia encephalopathy (confusion & lethargy)
  2. Seizure
  3. Coma
  4. Pulm oedema
  5. Hypoxia
  6. Dyspnoea
  7. Permanent kidney damage/ESRD
  8. Death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is AKI a pre-requisite for CKD

A

No but it can progress to CKD (CKD is more due to DM/HTN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What measures can be used to assess fluid retention

A
  1. Daily weight
  2. F/E- balance
  3. BUN
  4. Creatinine
  5. GFR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nursing management of AKI

A
  1. Undisturbed rest due to anaemia which makes patient feel tired
  2. Observe for complications: Fluid overload, Rhonchi oedema, Pulm oedema, wheezing
  3. Skin care
  4. Na & fluid restriction (no sauce; *amt depends on how much o/p patient has)
  5. Emotional support
  6. Administer meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly