CJ Exam #1

Question 1

What is the Safe Streets and Crime Control Act of 1968?

-The LEAA

Answer 1

It was legislation (AN ACT or BILL) passed by the Congress of the United States and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during a time of a lot of protesters in the streets (Vietnam, civil rights movement). There were groups who were organizing to over throw the government. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy increased public alertness to the relative lack of control over the sale and possession of guns in the United States.

Congress finds that the high incidence of crime in the United States threatens the peace, security, and general welfare of the Nation and its citizens.

President Johnson passed this legislation to try and deal with the crime problem.

It established the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)

Question 2

What are the three components of The Criminal Justice system:

Answer 2

1. Law Enforcement*
2. Courts*
3. Corrections*

Question 3

What is Evidence based Justice?

Answer 3

It is a justice system (our system) that requires evidence before and arrest or court. Nothing can be done without evidence.

THERE MUST BE EVIDENCE

Question 4

What is exclusionary rul

Answer 4

Law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a trial

Question 5

Weeks vs US

Answer 5

Court case in which the court unanimously held that a warrantless seizure of items from a private residence is a violation of 4th amendment. (Also silver platter doctrine)

Question 6

Mapp vs Ohio

Answer 6

Lady - 4th amendment. The beginning of exclusionary rule

Question 7

Terry vs Ohio

Answer 7

was a decision by the US Supreme Court which held that the 4th Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated when a police officer stops a suspect on the street and frisks him or her without probable cause to arrest, if the police officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime and has a reasonable belief that the person “may be armed and presently dangerous.”

Question 8

Powell vs Alabama

Answer 8

the United States Supreme Court reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama. The majority of the Court reasoned that the right to retain and be represented by a lawyer was fundamental to a fair trial and that at least in some circumstances, the trial judge must inform a defendant of this right. In addition, if the defendant cannot afford a lawyer, the court must appoint one sufficiently far in advance of trial to permit the lawyer to prepare adequately for the trial. 6th Amendment

Question 9

Bets vs Brady

Answer 9

Special cases - right to an attorney 6th amendment

Question 10

Gideon vs wainwright

Answer 10

is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history.
6th Amendment
Right to an attorney
the U.S. Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to afford to pay their own attorneys.

Right to counsel

Felony = attorney

Question 11

Argersinger vs Hamblin

Answer 11

is a United States Supreme Court decision holding that the accused cannot be subjected to actual imprisonment unless provided with counsel.

Question 12

Miranda vs Arizona

Answer 12

Right to remain silent - 5th amendment - they must be told their Miranda rights

Question 13

Escobedo vs Illinois

Answer 13

If they ask for attorney, all questioning must stop.

6th amendment

Question 14

The Wedding Cake model of justice

Answer 14

The Wedding Cake Model Theory was developed by Samuel Walker.

The theory divides the proceedings in the criminal justice system into four different categories:

celebrated cases,
serious felonies,
lesser felonies and
misdemeanors.

Question 15

Crime control (model by herbert packer)

Answer 15

Heavy policing
Swift punishment
Consistent punishments
Same for everyone

Question 16

Due process model (by Herbert packer)

Answer 16

Innocent until proven guilty

What we have in US

Question 17

Herbert packer

Answer 17

Came up with 2 crime models

• crime control
• due process model

Question 18

James Q Wilson

Answer 18

Believed in harsh and consistent punishments-

Importance of education right and wrong

“What works”

Question 19

Equal justice

Answer 19

Equal Justice USA (EJUSA) is a national organization that works to make the criminal justice system more fair, effective, and responsive by ending the death penalty, strengthening programs that help crime survivors address trauma and rebuild their lives, promoting constructive responses to violence, and enacting common sense criminal justice reforms.

Question 20

Restorative justice

Answer 20

a system of criminal justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large.

Peacemaking

“Man and wife”

Question 21

Police ethics

Answer 21

The spirit of service is primary. The goal is to abide by the code of police ethics and be ideal protectors of the people, as expected by social contract theory. Under this paradigm, a criminal is viewed not as a member of a distinct group but as somebody from the neighborhood who has gone astray

Crime control/public service

Question 22

Court ethics

Answer 22

practitioners who work in the court also have the potential to act in an inappropriate or unscrupulous manner.

This is because, to varying degrees, court personnel such as prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges have discretionary powers. When faced with ethical dilemmas, they can take decisions one way or the other, because moral obligations have finer shades

Question 23

Correctional ethics

Answer 23

The American correctional Association expects of its members unfailing honesty, respect for the dignity and individuality of human beings and a commitment to professional and compassionate service.

Question 24

The consensus view of crime

Answer 24

The Consensus Model or Systems Perspective of criminal justice argues that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work cooperatively to produce justice, as opposed to competitively. A criminal justice model in which the majority of citizen in a society share the same values and beliefs.

Question 25

Conflict view

Answer 25

conflict view depicts society as a collection of diverse groups - owners, workers, professionals, students - who are in constant and continuing conflict. Criminal laws are created to protect the haves from the have-nots. In the conflict view, the definition of crime is controlled by wealth, power, and position and not by moral consensus or the fear of social disruption. Crime is a political concept designed to protect the power and position of the upper classes at the expense of the poor.

Poor vs rich

Question 26

Interactionalist view

Answer 26

Labeling can be good. People live up to that

Question 27

Inchoate offense

Answer 27

Incomplete offense / attempt
Conspiracy (plan)
Accessories (before or after)

Question 28

Crimes against property

Answer 28

Burglary
Car
Fraud

Question 29

Crimes against persons

Answer 29

Homicide
Robbery
Assault
Battery

Question 30

Crimes against morality

Answer 30

Crimes against public decency and morality typically include not only prostitution, drug use, and gambling, but also pornography, obscenity, and various other consensual sex offenses—such as bestiality, deviate sexual realtions, lewdness, indecency, seduction, fornication, adultery, and bigamy.

Question 31

How do we measure crime?

Answer 31

UCR The Uniform Crime Report

Question 32

8 index crimes

Answer 32

Murder 
Rape
Robbery
Assault
Burglary
Theft
Motor vehicle theft
Arson

Question 33

Who came up with conflict theory

Answer 33

Karl Marx

Question 34

What is due process of law

Answer 34

Duties of government or justice system (specific)

Question 35

Mama in say

Answer 35

Bad in themselves

Question 36

Malta prohibits

Answer 36

Bad because government says so

Question 37

Case law

Answer 37

Someone has challenged law

Question 38

Probable Cause Definition

Answer 38

That information or knowledge that would lead a reasonable prudent person to believe that a crime has been committed, is being committed, our is about to be committed.