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Criminal Justice 101 > CJ 101 Test 1 > Flashcards

CJ 101 Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a typical legal definition of crime?

A

Not following the written law

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2
Q

What has been classified has the most destructive criminal disaster ever to have been perpetrated on US Soil?

A

9/11

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3
Q

What do “individual rights advocates” believe in? Additionally, what ideal do “public order advocates” support? Explain

A

Individual rights activists: A person’s individual freedoms should always come first
Public order advocates: Concerned more for society’s safety

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4
Q

Name the three main agencies that are up the criminal justice system

A

Police, Corrections, Courts

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5
Q

An administrative record of arrest

A

Booking

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6
Q

A charging document specifying that an offense has been committed by a person or persons name or described

A

Complaint

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7
Q

A less serious offense generally punishable by a fine or by incarceration

A

Misdemeanor

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8
Q

The conditional release of prisoners after they have served a portion of a prison sentence

A

Parole

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9
Q

A monetary guarantee deposited with the court that is suppose to ensure that suspects/defendants appear at a subsequent stage in the criminal justice process

A

Bail

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10
Q

A practice whereby a prosecutor, the defense attorney, their client, and in many jurisdictions the judge, agree on a specific sentence to be imposed if the accused pleads guilty to an agreed-upon charge or charges instead of going to trial

A

Plea Bargain

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11
Q

A serious offense punishable by death or by confinement in prison for more than a year

A

Felony

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12
Q

“There must exist such a state of circumstances that would lead a reasonable and prudent person to believe, or entertain a strong suspicion, that a person is guilty or that a crime has been committed.

A

Probable Cause

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13
Q

Offenders who have been formally charged with a crime

A

Defendant

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14
Q

A society that is home to a multitude of different cultures, each with its own set of norms, values, and routine behaviors

A

Multiculturalism

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15
Q

A criminal justice perspective that emphasized individual rights at all stages or justice system processing

A

Due Process

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16
Q

A pretrial stage at which a judge determines whether there is probable cause to support the charges brought by a prosecutor

A

Preliminary Hearing

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17
Q

The seizing and detaining of a person by lawful authority

A

Arrest

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18
Q

A pretrial stage to hear the information or indictment and to allow a plea

A

Arraignment

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19
Q

To serve one sentence after another is completed

A

Consecutive Sentence

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20
Q

The scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders

A

Criminology

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21
Q

The _________ makes the decision, on behalf of the state, whether to charge a suspect with a crime by filing a complaint

A

Prosecutor

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22
Q

One of the primary sources of crime statistics in the United States is the _______, which is compiled by the FBI

A

UCR

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23
Q

Crimes can be classified according to degree. One way to classify an offense is by its legislated punishment. Generally, a _________ is an offense punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year. A crime that is punishable by imprisonment for less than a year is referred to as a __________

A

Felony, Misdemeanor

24
Q

The UCR contains two major indexes. The Part I offenses, or the eight index crimes, are:

A

Forcible Rape
Aggravated Assault
Robbery
Murder
Larceny - Theft
Arson
Motor Vehicle Theft
Burglary

25
Q

What is meant by the term Due Process of Law? Where in the United States Constitution are the guarantees of Due Process found?

A

Due Process of Law means that each person must keep their individual rights during trial. This is found in the 14th Amendment.

26
Q

“The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession of another by force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear” is the definition of the crime of

A

Robbery

27
Q

Legislators, other elected officials, and law enforcement administrators throughout the criminal justice system, rely on UCR reports to supply ______ _______ to analyze and evaluate existing programs

A

Crime Data

28
Q

Today, _________ violence is one of the largest causes of injury to American women

A

domestic

29
Q

_________ _________ is a c rime where older victims may be targeted by family members and/or caregivers

A

Elderly Abuse

30
Q

“A criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin of another individual or group of individuals” is the definition of a _________ _________

A

Hate Crime

31
Q

A violent and dangerous criminal act to human life committed to intimidate the civilian population or to coerce a government is the definition of

A

Terrorism

32
Q

________ _______ has been thought of as “the law on the books”

A

Written Law

33
Q

In California, the written form of our criminal law is called the _______ _______

A

Penal Code

34
Q

The _______, who are the most visible representatives of the criminal justice field, must be held to a higher standard than anyone else

A

Police

35
Q

Substantive criminal law is the part of the law that defines crimes and specifies _________

A

Punishments

36
Q

Precedent is defined as a legal principle that ensures that previous judicial decisions are authoritatively considered and incorporated into _____________ cases

A

Subsequent

37
Q

Laws cannot be created tomorrow that will hold a person legally responsible for what they do today

A

Ex-Post-Facto Law

38
Q

Is a legal principle that requires that in subsequent cases on similar issues or law an d fact, courts are bound by their own earlier decisions an d by those of higher courts having jurisdiction over them

A

Stare Decisis

39
Q

An act in violation of the law

A

Actus Reus

40
Q

Repeated harassing and threatening behavior by one individual against another

A

Stalking

41
Q

This data is based on victim self-reports rather than on police reports

A

National Crime Victimization Survey

42
Q

This data provides an overview of criminal activity

A

Crime Statistics

43
Q

The state of mind that accompanies a criminal act or “a guilty mind”

A

Mens Rea

44
Q

The facts or elements that show that a crime has occurred or “the body of a crime”

A

Corpus Delicti

45
Q

A rule of conduct, generally found enacted in the form of a statute, the prescribes or mandates certain forms or behavior is the definition of

A

Law

46
Q

The term _________ refers to a person’s reason for committing a crime

A

Motive

47
Q

An __________ is a defense that means that the defendant could not have committed the crime in question because they were somewhere else at the time of the crime

A

Alibi

48
Q

In California, a police officer can arrest an individual for a misdemeanor not committed in the officer’s presence

A

False

49
Q

The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable _______ and ________

A

Search, Seizure

50
Q

_________ is an improper or illegal inducement to commit a crime by agents of law enforcement

A

Entrapment

51
Q

The Fifth Amendment protection against _______ _______ provides that no person shall be subject for the same offense to be twit put in jeopardy of life or limb

A

Double Jeopardy

52
Q

Major changes in policing began in the 1960’s. These changes were, in part a reaction to two major historical periods. What were they?

A

Civil Rights Movement
Vietnam War

53
Q

Why are phrases like “Ignorance of the law is no excuse” and “no one is above the law” important to our concept of law?

A

No matter who you are, if you do something illegal, you can and will be tried for it. This means that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law.

54
Q

Part II UCR/NIBRS offense group is used to report arrests for __________ offenses

A

Minor

55
Q

A rule for determining insanity that asks whether the defendant knew what he or she was doing or whether the defendant knew that what he or she was doing was wrong is called the _________ ______

A

M’Naghten Rule

Criminal Justice 101 (7 decks)

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