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Classics Augustus > Civil Wars > Flashcards

Civil Wars Flashcards

1
Q

Mutina

Date

A

Mutina

April 43BC

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2
Q

Mutina - April 43BC

Who

A

Mutina April 43BC

Antony

Senate/Octavian/Decimus Brutus

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3
Q

Mutina April 43BC

Why shouldn’t Octavian side with the Senate and DB?

A

Mutina - April 43BC

To blame for Caesars death Ides of March 44BC

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4
Q

Mutina - April 43BC

Why Antony involved

ANTONY MISTAKE?

A

Mutina - April 43BC

Given Macedonia ‘‘by lot’’ (Cassius Dio) 44BC

Asks Senate to exchange for Cisalpine Gaul
|_> angers Senate (send more money and troops to DB)

2/5 legions defect to Octavian

DB consulship ends in a month

Outlawed by Senate!

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5
Q

Mutina - April 43BC

OCTAVIAN CLEVER?

Enemy’s enemy is my friend

A

Mutina - April 43BC

Octavian noticed Senate hatred of Antony and so joins (ANT. Larger threat)

Octavian illegitimate army made legal (Propraetorian power)

Offers 2000 sesterces
Ant. Offers 400 seseterced
|_> 2/5 defect

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6
Q

Mutina - April 43BC

Aftermath

A

Mutina - April 43BC

Octavian ‘palmed off’ by Senate

Octavian requests consulship with Cicero
|_> ‘‘people appointed me consul’’ RG

IN FACT - marched on Rome (8 legions and 3 more defected when sent to combat)

Octavian tried and convicted liberators ‘en masse’ and in ‘absentiae’

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7
Q

Mutina - April 43BC

Suetonius’ rumour

Hirtius and Pansa deaths (previous consuls)

A

Mutina - April 43BC

'’Rumour Augustus had engineered both deaths’’ SUET

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8
Q

2nd Triumvirate - November 43BC

Who

Where meet

How long last

Legal?

A

2nd Triumvirate - November 43BC

Antony and Octavian

Bononia

5 year agreement

Legal under ‘lex titia’
|_> 1st w/ Caesar, Crassus, Pompey not legal

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9
Q

2nd Triumvirate - November 43BC

Who got what

A

2nd Triumvirate - November 43BC

Octavian - Sardinia, Sicily, Africa

Antony - Cisalpine/Transalpine Gaul

Lepidus - Spain, Gallia Narbonensis

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10
Q

Proscriptions - ‘first act’

Motive

Death

Who

Aftermath

A

Proscriptions - ‘first act’

Financial (most enemies outside Italy)

2500 (Cicero) - leader of senate

Senatorial places filled with loyal triumvirate supports

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11
Q

Battle of Philippi - 42BC

How many battles

Who faced who

Who controls Rome

A

Battle of Philippi - 42BC

2 battles

Cassius faced ANT - suicide

Brutus faced OCT - oct lost but Brutus heard of Cassius’ suicide (commited self)

Triumvirate control Rome - NO Conspirators left

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12
Q

After Philippi

Who got where

Where Ant go

Where Oct go

Effect

A

After Philippi

Ant. Got East
Oct. Got West
Lep. Sidelined to Africa

Ant. Went East (losing all West. Influence)
Oct. Back to Italy
|_> POLARIZATION of Roman world

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13
Q

Problems for Octavian after Philippi - 40BC

Augustus’ claim on veterans settling

How settle veterans

A

Problems for Octavian after Philippi - 40BC

'’I settle rather more than 300000’’ (not all 500000 who signed oath)

Forcibly evicted inhabitants (made unpopular)

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14
Q

Siege of Perusia - 40BC

Causes

Who

What

A

Siege of Perusia - 40BC

Augustus’ unpopularity saw opportunity

Lucius Antonius
Fulvia (Ant. Wife)

Oct. seiged Perusia (Lucius surrendered)
|_> 8 legions added to Oct. force

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15
Q

Seige of Perusia - 40BC

Augustus’ claim after victory

A

Seige of Perusia -40BC

RG - ‘‘i spared the lives of all citizens who asked for mercy’’ (NOT TRUE)

Cassius Dio - ‘‘most of the senators and knights were put to death’’

Suet - ‘‘Augustus took vengeance’’
‘‘300 prisoners oe eques/senatorial rank and offered them as human sacrifices’’

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16
Q

Seige of Perusia- 40BC

Who to where

What happened

A

Seige of Perusia - 40BC

Ant. west to seige Brundisium
Oct. contronted
|_> neither armies wanted war

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17
Q

Pact of Brundisium - 40BC

Who got what

Wearing what

A

Pact of Brundisium - 40BC

Ant. Lost Gaul to Oct. (last foothold)
Lep. Quiet in Africa
Oct. Got Sardinia, Dalmatia, Spain, Gaul

Cassius Dio - ‘‘Antony in Asiatic and Egyptian style’’ clothing

ORIENTALISATION

18
Q

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

Where Pompey hold

What Aug. Consider him as

Why angry

A

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

Sicily

'’Pirate’’ - ‘‘i cleared the seas of pirates’’

Left out triumvirate
No benefit from Brundisium (40BC)

19
Q

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

Who bring together

Who call upon

A

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

Refugees from proscriptions
Survivors of Philippi
Dispossessed by veterans

'’Antony called upon Pompeius to move against Italy’’

20
Q

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

What done

A

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

Pompey blockaded Italy 39BC

Ant/Oct forced to negotiate (Treaty of Misenum)

21
Q

Pompey threats - Treaty of Misenum - 39BC

Terms

A

Pompey threats - Treaty of Misenum - 39BC

Sextus - Corsica, Sardinua, Sicily (Promised Peloponnese)

Ant. Returned East

Oct. remained Italy

22
Q

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

What happens after Misenum

A

Pompey threats - Blockades 39/38BC

Sextus doesnt get Peloponnese
|_> blockades Italy again 38BC

Oct. moves against @ Battle of Cumae (naval)
|_> loses

Oct. forced to appral to Ant. for help

23
Q

Pompey threats -
Pact of Tarentum - 37BC

What given?

A

Pompey threats - Pact of Tarentum - 37BC

Oct. got 120 ships from Ant.

Ant. Promised 20 000 Italian troops for Parthian campaign

Triumvirate renewed

24
Q

Pompey threat - Pact of Tarentum - 37BC

Result

A

Pompey threat - Pact of Tarentum - 37BC

EQUILIBRIUM

25
Q

Pompey threats - 36BC

After Equilibrium

Who

What

A

Pompey threats - 36BC

Marcus Agrippa readied Oct. fleet

36BC

Held Sextus’ fleet

26
Q

Pompey threats - 36BC

Who called?

By who?

A

Pompey threats - 36BC

Lepidus from South

General of Oct. from NE

Oct. from Campania

27
Q

Pompey threats - 36BC

Rumour via Suet.

Who

A

Pompey threats - 36BC

'’Not even stand to review his fleet…until Agrippa had routed the enemy’’

Antony said it

28
Q

Pompey threats - Battle of Naulochus

When

Who

What happened

A

Pompey threats - Battle of Naulochus

3 September 36BC

Agrippa took several of Sextus’ ports before destroying fleet

Sextus fled (murdered)

29
Q

Lepidus threat - 36BC

How many legions

Where

Aim

What happened

A

Lepidus threat - 36BC

22 legions

Sicily

Defeat Oct.

Men fled when Oct. marched towards them

30
Q

Lepidus threat - 36BC

What did Oct. do with Lepidus

A

Lepidus threat - 36BC

Oct. spared his life

Stripped of powers

Put in house arrest in Circeii

31
Q

Before Actium

What Senate try to do

What Oct. go from and to

A

Before Actium

Award Oct. pontifex maximus
|_> ‘‘i declined to be made PM in the place of my colleague who was still alive’’

From ‘Avenger of Caesar’ and ‘Military Revoluionary’

To ‘Guardian of Roman Tradition’

32
Q

Before Actium - Antony 35-33BC

Where

What doing (failures)

What want

A

Before Actium - Antony 35-33BC

East

Practising Eastern customs, clothing, Cleo
Forming own Senate

No decisive outcome w/:

Parthians, Armenians, Tribes of Ilycium

33
Q

Before Actium - Antony 34BC

What success?

What staged?

What rumoured

A

Before Actium - Antony 34BC

Seized Armenia

Staged Donations to Alexandria

  • Cleo ‘‘queen of kings’’
  • Caesarion ‘‘kings of kings’’
  • divided East between Cleo. And sons

Cleo want to be Queen of Rome

Renounced Octavia as wife

34
Q

Before Actium - Agrippa 33BC

What made

Effect on Aug

What do

A

Before Actium - Agrippa 33BC

Aedile

Appeared to care for people

Manage sewer, water, beautiful, restore

35
Q

Before Actium - Oct. actions against Ant.

What

Effect

A

Before Actium - Oct. actions against Ant.

Seized will from Vestal Virgins and read in senate
|_> showed wished to be buried next to Cleo

Octavian able to declare war on Cleo (foreign enemy)

36
Q

Before Actium - support for Octavian

What

Who

What Octavian call it

A

Before Actiun - support for Octavian

‘Oath of Allegiance’

All Italy and West

RG - ‘‘whole of Italy at its own free will swore allegiance to me’’

  - ''demanded me as their leader''
  - ''universal consent''
37
Q

Actium - September 31BC

Where

A

Actium - September 31BC

Ambracian Gulf

38
Q

Actium - September 31BC

Antony mistakes

A

Actium 31BC

Cleo prescence saw defections

Cleo left mid-battle

Dellius defected

2nd September attempted to break out - but Ant. Defeated

39
Q

Actium - September 31BC

Octavian tactics

A

Actium - September 31BC

Blockaded forces in Ambracian Gulf

40
Q

After Actium

Who

Where

A

After Actium

Cleo and Ant fled (followed by Oct.)

Egypt

41
Q

After Actium - Battle of the Nile 30BC

Engaged where

Result

Octavian reaction

A

After Actium - Battle of the Nile 30BC

Engaged land and sea
|_> Ant. Navy and army defected

1st Aug. 30BC Ant./Cleo. Committed suicide

Oct. had Caesarion and eldest son executed

RG - ‘‘I added Egypt to the Empier of the Roman people’’

Classics Augustus (10 decks)

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