Civil War Terms Flashcards
Industrial North
Who- Union, North, Grant, AL, McCllelan, Francis Lowell(textile Mills)
What- Factories, industry, infrastructure, a huge advantage to the North (Union).
When- Pre Civil War, during Civil War (production of goods -factories- made a lot of money by producing supplies for the war).
Where- North
Why- It significantly boosted the North’s economy and technology during the war. This was a major component to why the Union was able to win the war. (supplies, transportation for troops and supplies).
Agricultural South
Who-Farmers, plantation owners, slaves
What- The South’s economy was mainly based on agriculture(cotton). They were not advanced in technology and did not really use railroads. Instead, they relied on the use of canals and rivers to transport goods.
When- Pre and during the Civil War(funded their supplies)
Where-South
Why- This was proved to be a disadvantage for the South since many of the main rivers were captured and put under the control of the Union during the war. Slaves.
Cotton Gin
Who-Eli Whitney, the South
What-A machine that greatly developed the South’s cotton production and trading
When- Pre-civil war
Where-The south
Why-Originally trying to help make the slaves’ lives better, Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin. It greatly reduced the amount of labor involved . However, this actually increased slavery. The huge amounts of cotton was how the South was able to supply the troops and buy supplies in the Civil War.
Railroads
Who- Abraham Lincoln, the North
What-The best method of transportation that industrialized the North.
When- Pre-civil war, Civil War
Where-The North, South(bad condition and private)
Why-This was able to quickly send supplies and troops to the Union during the Civil War.
Union
Who- Grant, McClellan, Abraham Lincoln
What- Group of states that were against the South and slavery. They had a larger population than the South and the border states.
When- Civil War
Where- North US and border states (Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, West Virginia)
Why- The Union was the side that fought to reunite the country and to end slavery.
Confederacy
Who-Robert E Lee, Jefferson Davis, Stonewall Jackson
What- Group of states from the South, fought for slavery, better leaders and fought on land that they knew (except for Gettysburg)
When-Civil War
Where-South
Why- This was the side that fought to keep slavery since they needed it for cotton and agriculture. Even though they were largely outnumbered, they were able to win many battles thanks to the good generals.
Anaconda Plan
Who-Winfield Scott
What- A plan to block confederate ports along Atlantic and Gulf coasts. They hoped to cripple the Conf. war effort. Mississippi.
When- Civil War
Where- North plan. Executed in the South.
Why- the South relied heavily on the Mississippi River and with the ports blocked, they would not receive the many supplies that they needed for the troops.
Bull Run
Who-General Irvin McDowell, P.G.T Beauregard, General Thomas Jackson
What-The first battle that took place in the Civil War. People originally went to watch it to see the Union win.
When-July 21, 1861. Civil War.
Where-South
Why-Both the Union and the Confederacy realized that the war would not be as short as they thought it would be. They originally thought it would be a short war, but it was proved unrealistic.
Antietam
Who-Robert E. Lee, George McClellan
What- The bloodiest day in American history. Both sides suffered many losses and neither gained anything significant.
When-September 17, 1862, Civil War
Where-North.
Why-This battle ended the Confederates’ idea to invade the North. Also, Lee’s plan to attack Washington D.C was not able to be put in place.
Vicksburg
Who-Grant, John Pemberton
What- A war that gave the Union complete control over the Mississippi.
When- May 18, 1863 to July 4, 1863. Civil War
Where- the South.
Why-By winning, the Union was able to cut the Confederacy in two. This sealed off the states of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana from Confederacy. The Union also had complete control over the Mississippi River.
Gettysburg
Who-Robert E. Lee, George Meade, George Pickett,
What- A battle that lasted 3 days. The South went on the offensive that time, underestimating the Union forces which consequently led to their defeat and the end of the war.
When-July 1 to July 3, 1863
Where-The North
Why-The Army of Northern Virginia suffered way too many losses. Lee lost ⅓ of his entire army in the battle. The battle was able to end any hope of engaging the North again.
Civil War Technology
Who- Abraham Lincoln
What- Minie ball, Grooves in muskets, Railroads
When- During Civil War
Where- South and North
Why- Increased the death toll, better/faster communication, transport for supplies. Cameras, people could see what the war was actually like.
Clara Barton
Who-Clara Barton
What-Nurse
When- During Civil War
Where- Union, North
Why- First aid, American Red Cross
Emancipation Proclamation
Who-Abraham Lincoln
What-Document that freed slaves
When-During Civil War, third year
Where-Freed from South, fought for North
Why-Freed slaves, Free slaves fought for North
Border States
Who- Lincoln, North
What-States that although accepted slavery, did not join the Confederacy and acted as a border between the North and the South.
When- Civil War,
Where-Delaware, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Missouri
Why- Maryland surrounded the capital, Missouri could supply the North with many troops and food and also protected the western side of the Union. It also had St. Louis which was an important commercial and transportation center. (Basically…resources & transportation)
Gettysburg Adress
Who-Abraham Lincoln
What- It was Abraham Lincoln’s famous speech that honored the men who died in the Battle of Gettysburg and how they will keep fighting until they win.
When-Nov. 19, 1863, Civil War
Where-the North
Why- The speech motivated the people to not let the soldiers who died in the war die in vain and improve the nation by reuniting the North and the South.
Appomattox Courthouse
Who- Robert E. Lee, US Grant
What- This is the location where Lee surrendered to Grant.
When- End of the war
Where-South
Why- It was when Lee officially surrendered. The war ended. The nation was back together.
Civil War Medicine Advancements
Who-Clara Barton
What-Bromine, Surgery
When-Civil War
Where-the North
Why-Most soldiers died from disease and infections. The medicine Advancements such as Bromine helped prevent diseases such as Gangrene and saved many lives in the war.
South Carolina
Who-Andrew P. Butler, Preston Brooks(nephew of APB)
What-First slave state to secede from Union
When- Pre-Civil War
Where- South
Why- This showed how the nation was dividing in two and turning against each other which will result in the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
Who- Union (AL, RA), Confederates
What- A fort that was built after the war of 1812. It was attacked by the South when Abraham Lincoln and Robert Anderson refused to evacuate the fort.
When- Pre-Civil War to Beginning of Civil War
Where- the South
Why- Beginning of Civil War
Missouri Compromise
Who- Henry Clay
What- Missouri would be a slave state and Maine would be a free state.
When- Pre-Civil War
Where- Missouri, North and South arguing over it
Why- The Northerners didn’t like the compromise because the South had threatened to secede if Missouri was not slave. Division of the country.
Dred Scott
Who- Dred Scott, Roger Taney
What- Court case. Dred Scott sued his owners and claimed that he should be free since his owners willingly took him from a slave state to a free state.
When- Pre-Civil War
Where- South to North.
Why- Slaves were property and it was against the 5th amendment to prevent any person from going to different states with their property. It was a point with no return since Southerners and Northerners were now completely against each other.
Fugitive Slave Act
Who-South, slaves, federal marshals
What- A slave act that strengthened the original slave act in 1793 and enforced greater penalties on runaway slaves
When- Pre-Civil War
Where- South and North (Slaves escaping to North)
Why- Made the North more against the South and a major part in leading to the Civil War.
Compromise of 1850
Who-California, North, South, Henry Clay, Free Soil Party, John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster.
What- A new compromise that was made when California wanted to be a free state (big argument)
When- Pre-Civil War
Where- in California, North and South arguing
Why- California would be admitted as a free state and slavery would be left open in other territories won from Mexico. This would escalate to the Kansas Nebraska Act and further divide the nation.
