Civil war between Pompey and Caesar Flashcards
Caesar was asking Cicero in 49BC
to try for peace
Caesar had been trying for peace
What did the senate do about Caesar’s resistance to recall using Mark Antony and Cassius
They passed the SCU
4 january 49BC
Pompey’s actions
emerged as the defender of the Senate
Caesar crossing the Rubicon
When Antony and Cassius reached him at Ravena
He immediately started gathering forces for the attack
January 49 he crossed the Rubicon with a single legion of 5000 men
11 january 49BC
Where was the Rubicon and its significance
it was the boundary between Gaul and Italy
crossing into Italy with armed forces meant a declaration of war
What side did Cicero choose
he chose the side of the Senate
took a post in the senatorial army with reluctance
was put in charge of Capua
was highly critical of the Senate’s leaders
held Caesars talents in high regard
Cicero’s opinion on Pompey
Thought it would be disastrous for him to abandon Italy
He was worried that Pompey would sail from Brundisium to the East(where he had support) before Caesar caught up with him
Cicero’s actions when Pompey did sail from Brundisium
after three months of hesitation and inaction he eventually sailed to join Pompey in his camp
then 48BC
The final battle
Pharsalus (central Greece) 48BC 8th august
Pompey had far greater numbers
Cicero was not involved
Pompey defeated, fled from Greece to Egypt
Ciecero after Pharsalus
stayed at Brundisium till late 47BC
Cicero’s resistance to Caesar
Caesar had visited him to persuade him to side with him
Cicero showed strength in resisting as the temptation to join Caesar was very strong
Cicero said there was much to say in defense of Pompey
The Senate after Pharsalus
they fought on (sometimes gaining the upper hand)
Caesar was engaged in campaigns in Egypt
Cicero’s familly problems
divorced Terentia in 46BC
Marries and divorces Publia
His daughter was in ill-health and her second marriage was going badly (died after giving birth 45BC)
Quintus blamed him for the stand he had taken against Caesar.
Caesar’s victories after Pharsalus
the trouble in Alexandria was quickly overcome
followed by a lightning quick campaign in Asia Minor “Veni, Vedi, Vici”
Caesar and Ciero’s reconcilation
Upon Caesar’s arrival at Italy Cicero hurried to meet him (Brundisium)
Caesar embraced him and continued along the road talking to him privately, “pardoned” Cicero, cicero returns to Italy
Cicero’s return to Rome
took his place in the senate
turned to writing philosophical works
The final battles of the Pompeian troops (Republicans)
46 Bc at Thapsus in North Africa
Cato and optimates
Cato committed suicide after the battle
Final battle in 45BC at Munda in Spain (Cicero doesn’t take part) Senatorial army +Pompey’s sons defeated, end of civil war
Cicero annoys Caesar
He wrote Cato a work in praise of him
so annoyed Caesar that he replied with a pamphlet called “Anti-Cato”
Caesar’s dictatorships
49BC- held for 11 days 48BC-for a year 46BC-received the position for 10 years 44BC- dictator for life "non sum rex, sed Caesar"
Cicero felt his only use was to
urge CAesar to save the Republic
which he did in his first major speech for a long time
Caesars disregard for the senate
had no intention of going back to the old republic
appointed Caninius for Consul from noon to the following morning
What Caesar achieved during his few months in Rome
achieved many notable reforms (calender) tackled bribery in the courts tried to strengthen the senate allowed lower classes in the Senate brought the elections under control took steps to deal with economic problems (debt+corn dole for the unemployed) planned to rebuild the City increased the penalty for crime
Caesar’s death
15 March 44Bc
Tilius asked about his exiled brother, grabbed his cloak
Fell against the statue of Pompey
Cicero in 50BC role
acts as a mediator
meeting with Pompey
in contact with Caesar
Ciceros opinion of Caesars dictatorship
does not opposes
but dissaproves
Pompey abandons his troops
February 49Bc
abandons Domitius Ahenobarbus who was besieged and defeated at Corfinum
What Pompey does in March 49Bc
Crosses over to Greece
End of Civil war
Final battle in 45BC at Munda in Spain (Cicero doesn’t take part) Senatorial army +Pompey’s sons defeated, end of civil war
