Civil war between Pompey and Caesar

Question 1

Caesar was asking Cicero in 49BC

Answer 1

to try for peace

Caesar had been trying for peace

Question 2

What did the senate do about Caesar’s resistance to recall using Mark Antony and Cassius

Answer 2

They passed the SCU

4 january 49BC

Question 3

Pompey’s actions

Answer 3

emerged as the defender of the Senate

Question 4

Caesar crossing the Rubicon

Answer 4

When Antony and Cassius reached him at Ravena
He immediately started gathering forces for the attack
January 49 he crossed the Rubicon with a single legion of 5000 men
11 january 49BC

Question 5

Where was the Rubicon and its significance

Answer 5

it was the boundary between Gaul and Italy

crossing into Italy with armed forces meant a declaration of war

Question 6

What side did Cicero choose

Answer 6

he chose the side of the Senate
took a post in the senatorial army with reluctance
was put in charge of Capua
was highly critical of the Senate’s leaders
held Caesars talents in high regard

Question 7

Cicero’s opinion on Pompey

Answer 7

Thought it would be disastrous for him to abandon Italy

He was worried that Pompey would sail from Brundisium to the East(where he had support) before Caesar caught up with him

Question 8

Cicero’s actions when Pompey did sail from Brundisium

Answer 8

after three months of hesitation and inaction he eventually sailed to join Pompey in his camp
then 48BC

Question 9

The final battle

Answer 9

Pharsalus (central Greece) 48BC 8th august
Pompey had far greater numbers
Cicero was not involved
Pompey defeated, fled from Greece to Egypt

Question 10

Ciecero after Pharsalus

Answer 10

stayed at Brundisium till late 47BC

Question 11

Cicero’s resistance to Caesar

Answer 11

Caesar had visited him to persuade him to side with him
Cicero showed strength in resisting as the temptation to join Caesar was very strong
Cicero said there was much to say in defense of Pompey

Question 12

The Senate after Pharsalus

Answer 12

they fought on (sometimes gaining the upper hand)

Caesar was engaged in campaigns in Egypt

Question 13

Cicero’s familly problems

Answer 13

divorced Terentia in 46BC
Marries and divorces Publia
His daughter was in ill-health and her second marriage was going badly (died after giving birth 45BC)
Quintus blamed him for the stand he had taken against Caesar.

Question 14

Caesar’s victories after Pharsalus

Answer 14

the trouble in Alexandria was quickly overcome

followed by a lightning quick campaign in Asia Minor “Veni, Vedi, Vici”

Question 15

Caesar and Ciero’s reconcilation

Answer 15

Upon Caesar’s arrival at Italy Cicero hurried to meet him (Brundisium)
Caesar embraced him and continued along the road talking to him privately, “pardoned” Cicero, cicero returns to Italy

Question 16

Cicero’s return to Rome

Answer 16

took his place in the senate

turned to writing philosophical works

Question 17

The final battles of the Pompeian troops (Republicans)

Answer 17

46 Bc at Thapsus in North Africa
Cato and optimates
Cato committed suicide after the battle

Final battle in 45BC at Munda in Spain (Cicero doesn’t take part) Senatorial army +Pompey’s sons defeated, end of civil war

Question 18

Cicero annoys Caesar

Answer 18

He wrote Cato a work in praise of him

so annoyed Caesar that he replied with a pamphlet called “Anti-Cato”

Question 19

Caesar’s dictatorships

Answer 19

49BC- held for 11 days
48BC-for a year
46BC-received the position for 10 years
44BC- dictator for life
"non sum rex, sed Caesar"

Question 20

Cicero felt his only use was to

Answer 20

urge CAesar to save the Republic

which he did in his first major speech for a long time

Question 21

Caesars disregard for the senate

Answer 21

had no intention of going back to the old republic

appointed Caninius for Consul from noon to the following morning

Question 22

What Caesar achieved during his few months in Rome

Answer 22

achieved many notable reforms (calender)
tackled bribery in the courts
tried to strengthen the senate
allowed lower classes in the Senate
brought the elections under control
took steps to deal with economic problems (debt+corn dole for the unemployed)
planned to rebuild the City
increased the penalty for crime

Question 23

Caesar’s death

Answer 23

15 March 44Bc
Tilius asked about his exiled brother, grabbed his cloak
Fell against the statue of Pompey

Question 24

Cicero in 50BC role

Answer 24

acts as a mediator
meeting with Pompey
in contact with Caesar

Question 25

Ciceros opinion of Caesars dictatorship

Answer 25

does not opposes

but dissaproves

Question 26

Pompey abandons his troops

Answer 26

February 49Bc

abandons Domitius Ahenobarbus who was besieged and defeated at Corfinum

Question 27

What Pompey does in March 49Bc

Answer 27

Crosses over to Greece

Question 28

End of Civil war

Answer 28

Final battle in 45BC at Munda in Spain (Cicero doesn’t take part) Senatorial army +Pompey’s sons defeated, end of civil war