After Caesar's death and the end of Cicero Flashcards
What happened to the ‘liberators’ directly after Caesar’s death
they were intensely disliked and forced to leave Rome
Octavian
named Caesar’s chief heir and adopted son
opposed the conspirators
used the name of Caesar to strengthen his own position
Cicero’s familly
death of Tullia had remarried (and divorced her as well)
Antony tactics
cashed in on the public sympathy for Caesar. Reading out to the crowds Caesars will (containing a sum of money for each citizen)
his body was burnt in the Forum (in public)
Cicero was glad of the deed
“glorious deed, but only half-complete”
Cicero and octavian corespondence
Octavian was writing to Cicero every day urging him to take a hand to save the republic again- Cicero to Atticus
start of war between Antony and the conspirators
Antony wanted the province of Cisalpine Gaul so attacked Decimus Brutus (the governor) at Mutina
appointing himself governor
Cicero December 44BC onwards
became the leader in Rome of the senatorial party
wrote the Philippics (after speeches by the Greek orator Demosthenes)
delivered the 4th one on 20DEcember 44BC
Antony in 44BC
Consul
43Bc Cicero asked the senate
to recognize Octavian’s and Decimus’s armies as legal
and to grant Octavian extraordinary powers for his age
Cicero’s leadership of the senate
rallied the senates forces
63 years old
position as a senior consular
His Philippics played a great part in Antony’s defeat
Battle of Mutina
February 43BC war was declared on Antony
two battles were fought over the won
Antony defeated one of the consuls, didn’t do so well against the other
Decimus Brutus won a clear victory against Antony
Both Consuls Hirtius and Pansa died (their legions join Octavian)
Antony at the end of May 43BC
Octavian
On the borders of Italy recruiting fresh forces
Octavian was now 19 becoming more and more dissatisfied withe the senates actions
Brutus’s criticism of Cicero
criticised him for boosting Octavian’s power so much, warning that he could become a tyrant as much as Antony
“what he has done is to encourage, not check, the ambition and desire for power of this youth”
Cicero on Octavian (believing he wont betray)
“young Octavian’s actions are like a river flowing from my advice”
Octavian on the 19th August
wanted to be consul
despite the Senate’s opposition he got what he wanted through the use of his army (marched on Rome)
Octavian’s actions as Consul
cancelled the bills that outlawed Lepidus and Antony
The Second Triumvirate
end of October
officially recognized by the senate
united and defeated the last remnants of the “republic”
made proscription lists (Cicero was on it)
End of Cicero
executed with his son
only got as far as his villa near Formiae
killed by centurion Herennius and officer popillius
his head and hands cut off, were fastened over the public platform.
43BC
How many Phillipics
14
The philippics finish
on the same day as the battle of Mutina
1st Philippic
2nd September 44BC
Cicero just returned from Rome after failing to get to Greece and Syria (31st August)
The day after the meeting of the senate led by Antony celebrating Caesar’s life (1st September)
Cicero sees it as Antony’s attempt to present himself as Caesar’s legitimate heir
3rd Philippic
20th December 44BC
urges military action against Antony
praises Decimus Brutus and Octavian
Octavian granted Pro-Praetorian rank (in order to lead the senatorial army)
Last Phillipic
21st April 43
To urge the senate to declare Antony enemy of the state
Day of the battle of Mutina
Antony declared enemy of the state on 26April
Antony flees to Gaul
44BC Cicero and the liberators
Cicero wants them to leave and take Antony’s jobs and not to return to Rome
Brutus’s reaction to Antony’s offer
refuses to take Antony’s job in Asia
Servilia repels this law
goes to Greece to raise an army of Pompey’s supporters
June 44Bc Dolabella
appointed governor in Syria
offers Cicero a place as on of his staff
What does Cicero do about Dollebella’s proposition
he agrees to it
plans to sail to Greece first in order to visit his son Marcus
to see his studies
Why does Cicero never make it to Greece
the weather was to bad
he meets Brutus before he goes to raise an army
31st August 44BC
Cicero back in Rome
1st September 44BC
Antony planning a celebration for CAesar
Cicero does not join (shows his oposition)
2nd September
Delivers his first Philippic agaisnt Antony
21st April 43BC
last Phillipic
day of the battle of Mutina
Cicero’s advice to the conspirators after Caesar’s death
to go to the senate to legitimize their act
To gain emergency powers
To say there actions had been to restore the republic
Antony’s offer to the conspirators
offers them protection in exchange for Caesars laws to remain confirmed and to be able to lead Caesars funeral on the 20th March
Caesars funeral
burnt in public in the forum
Antony announces his will (he left the Romans his gardens and some money)
Antony shows Caesar’s bloodstained toga
Conspirators lose all support and take refuge on the Capitoline hill
Cicero’s letters to gain support for the Republic
Forceful and vigorous (not always successful)
he writes to prominent Romans against Antony
e.g Plancus
