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civil war Flashcards

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1
Q

strengths/weaknesses of union/confederacy

A

north:
-better economy, transportation, navy, population & emancipation
-lacked leadership & purpose

south
-fighting defensive war (their land), purpose, leadership, cotton diplomacy
-lacked nvy, government structure, equipment, transportation (no railroad), economy & manufacturing

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2
Q

state of medical technology/impact on war

A

-not advanced
-amputation
-lead bullets-lead poisoning, large & slow, stuck in body

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3
Q

state of military technology/tactics & impact on war

A

-rifles/machine guns
-changed fighting tactics
-rifle causes bullets to spin/go faster
-fighting with musket strategy creating mass graveyards

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4
Q

foreign relations during war

A

-confederacy wanted help from british because of cotton diplomacy
-didn’t work because britain could get own cotton
-britain also didnt support slavery
-lost france and british support after vicksburg

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5
Q

the “border states” importance

A

-missouri, kentucky, delaware, west virginia & maryland
-slave states remaining in union
-importance: if they left, more men for confederacy & resources for south
-martial law in maryland, guerilla warfare in missouri, suspensio in writ of habeas corpus, dubious legality to keep in union

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6
Q

contribution of black soldiers

A

-enlistment as opportunity to prove citizenship
-faced prejudice like pay, rank, supply quality and not allowed to fight
-more accepted after emancipation proclamation
-confederacy didn’t enlist black soldiers until month before end of war

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7
Q

ex parte merryman, wartime civil liberties, suspension of habeus corpus

A

habeas corpus:
-declared that you have right to be informed of charges against you and right to prove innocence by trial
-denied to people for nations security
-easier to arrest people
-presidential power increases in war-right to order blockade/increase army size without congress approval

merryman
-john merryman
-inprisoned by union in suspicion of being confederate
-roger taney
-against lincoln and for habeus corpus but lincoln ignores

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8
Q

“cotton diplomacy”

A

-hope for european alliance
-emancipation proclamation prevents european intervention

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9
Q

national legislation passed during the war

A

-republican majority in congress
-no southern opposition to block

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10
Q

morill tariff act

A

1861
-increase existing duties to 10%
-helped pay for war
-taxed iron/steel
-passed after south secedes

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11
Q

morill land grant

A

-1862
-offer training/new techniques fo schools
-land support for education (30k acres per state)

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12
Q

homestead act

A

-spur agricultural development
-set up free land (160 acres) to ncourage settlement
-difficulties: quality of land, supply cost, mother nature, fraud, crop prices

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13
Q

conscription & substitutes

A

-originally volunteers until conscription act
-all men 20-45 had to register for draft
-unfair to poor (rich can hire substitutes, southerners with enough slaves could escape, north could pay $300

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14
Q

nyc draft riot (1863)

A

-mob of underprivileged, anti-black, irish americans
-attack wealthy african americans
-burn, draft, pillage in response to consription

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15
Q

emancipation proclamation/impact of confederate constitution

A

-declare slaves free in rebel territory (places lincoln couldnt actually free
-moral cause of north, prevented european aid of south
-gave union new soldiers

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16
Q

the alabama, the laird rams, examples of___?

A

-british vessels
-unarmed dock
-escaped to portugal, took weapons, flew confederate flag

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17
Q

lincoln’s stated purpose of war/motivations

A

-not fighting to end slavery
-secession not legal
-preserve union

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18
Q

union finances during civil war

A

-tax on tobacco & alcohol increased
-washington issued green paper money
-national banking system
-wartime prosperity in north-factories/protective tariff

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19
Q

confederate finances during civil war

A

-blockade imports ruining economy
-only really have cotton
-bread riots
-shortage of essentials

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20
Q

methods utilized by union/confederacy to raise war revenue

A

-progressive income tax
-federal government issued money
-north: excise taxes, morill tariff act, national banking system
-south: confederate bonds, states rights’ southerners opposed to heavy direct taxation

21
Q

problems confronting confederacy during war

A

-states right issues, economic mess
-lack of transportation/numbers
-overreliance on cotton
-need for foreign intervention

22
Q

expansion of opportunities for women during the war

A

-jobs
-fighting front (accompany husbands)
-spy missions
-smugglng
-medical field (nurses)
-puts women’s rights on hold

23
Q

“shoddy millionaires”

A

-dishonest agents
-profits>patriotism
-shoes with cardboard soles and uniforms of shoddy woo

24
Q

“blockade runners”

A

-risky but profitable
-run things through blockade to smuggle goods into south
-700% profit

25
Q

gettysburg address

A

-response to battle of gettysburg
-lincoln fosters idea that civil war is follow up to rev war
-dead won’t die in vain
-rally to move union forward

26
Q

election of 1864-union party (each battle+significance)

A

-looked like Lincoln would lose because the war was very unpopular, but turned
around with the capture of Atlanta
-war democrats support and peace democrats dont support him
-republican party joined with war democrats, forming the union party
* lincoln beats mccellan in 1864 election
* running mate was Andrew Johnson

27
Q

copperheads

A

-peace democrats, hated both candidates

28
Q

fort sumter

A

-after secession, starts war
-union fort in south
-union sends provisions
-confederates attack, trapped for 34 hours and surrender

29
Q

first bull run (manassas)

A

-lincoln sends troops to confederate capitol
-general jackson leads south to success
-north retreats and fear of follow up attack since they were near union capital (dc)
-inflated southern confidence

30
Q

union naval blockade; “anaconda plan” of winfield scott

A

-us navy block federate coast
-hoped to control mississippi
-successful in cutting supples (leads to bread riots)

31
Q

shiloh

A

-grant attempts to capture confederate railroads near mississippi
-union wins, confirming no quick end to war

32
Q

chancellorsville

A

-lee splits army
-stonewall jackson wounded
-lee defeats hooker, one of greatest wins for south

33
Q

moniter v. merrimac (the virginia)

A

-naval battle
-demonstration in ironclads over wooden ships, revolutionizing naval warfare

34
Q

antietam

A

-lee marches to border states, wants to earn foreign recognition and bring border states into conflict
-draw but lee retreats and confederacy loses foreign recognition
-mcclellan replaced for inadequacy
-lincoln prepares to release emancipation proclamation after

35
Q

vicksburg

A

-won by grant
-marched to river, raced boats under fire, corssed river, marched on opposite side living off land and conducted month long siege
-union gains full control of mississippi river, cutting off resources of confederacy

36
Q

gettysburg

A

-bloodiest battle
-lee vs meade & hooker

37
Q

shermans march to sea

A

-deliberate destruction through south
-rape, murder, target civilians (total war
-defeats atlanta and takes over ga

38
Q

war philosophies of grant/sherman

A

-grant “campaign of grim annihilation”attrition. northern number superiority
-sherman “total war”, target civilian population, “war is all hell”

39
Q

appomattox

A

-lee surrenders
-south did wrong but “still family”
-generous surrender, officers keep arms soldiers turn guns over

40
Q

bennett’s place

A

-farm chosen to negotiate johnstons surrender

41
Q

jefferson davis

A

-president of confederacy
-not popular
-first senate member from mississippi

42
Q

george mcclellan

A

-replaces mcdowell after bull run
people loved him but too safe
-more time training than fighting (antietam)

43
Q

william tecumseh sherman

A

-total war
-shermans raid
-brute

44
Q

robert e. lee

A

-advisor to president davis
-good general

45
Q

thomas “stonewall” jackson

A

-forced south to end retreat and face union

46
Q

joseph johnston

A

-loses to sherman

47
Q

john wilkes booth

A

-kills lincoln

48
Q

mary chestnut’s diary

A

-diary during civil war
-sc

49
Q

traveler

A

-robert e. lees horse

us history (9 decks)

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