civil war Flashcards
(49 cards)
strengths/weaknesses of union/confederacy
north:
-better economy, transportation, navy, population & emancipation
-lacked leadership & purpose
south
-fighting defensive war (their land), purpose, leadership, cotton diplomacy
-lacked nvy, government structure, equipment, transportation (no railroad), economy & manufacturing
state of medical technology/impact on war
-not advanced
-amputation
-lead bullets-lead poisoning, large & slow, stuck in body
state of military technology/tactics & impact on war
-rifles/machine guns
-changed fighting tactics
-rifle causes bullets to spin/go faster
-fighting with musket strategy creating mass graveyards
foreign relations during war
-confederacy wanted help from british because of cotton diplomacy
-didn’t work because britain could get own cotton
-britain also didnt support slavery
-lost france and british support after vicksburg
the “border states” importance
-missouri, kentucky, delaware, west virginia & maryland
-slave states remaining in union
-importance: if they left, more men for confederacy & resources for south
-martial law in maryland, guerilla warfare in missouri, suspensio in writ of habeas corpus, dubious legality to keep in union
contribution of black soldiers
-enlistment as opportunity to prove citizenship
-faced prejudice like pay, rank, supply quality and not allowed to fight
-more accepted after emancipation proclamation
-confederacy didn’t enlist black soldiers until month before end of war
ex parte merryman, wartime civil liberties, suspension of habeus corpus
habeas corpus:
-declared that you have right to be informed of charges against you and right to prove innocence by trial
-denied to people for nations security
-easier to arrest people
-presidential power increases in war-right to order blockade/increase army size without congress approval
merryman
-john merryman
-inprisoned by union in suspicion of being confederate
-roger taney
-against lincoln and for habeus corpus but lincoln ignores
“cotton diplomacy”
-hope for european alliance
-emancipation proclamation prevents european intervention
national legislation passed during the war
-republican majority in congress
-no southern opposition to block
morill tariff act
1861
-increase existing duties to 10%
-helped pay for war
-taxed iron/steel
-passed after south secedes
morill land grant
-1862
-offer training/new techniques fo schools
-land support for education (30k acres per state)
homestead act
-spur agricultural development
-set up free land (160 acres) to ncourage settlement
-difficulties: quality of land, supply cost, mother nature, fraud, crop prices
conscription & substitutes
-originally volunteers until conscription act
-all men 20-45 had to register for draft
-unfair to poor (rich can hire substitutes, southerners with enough slaves could escape, north could pay $300
nyc draft riot (1863)
-mob of underprivileged, anti-black, irish americans
-attack wealthy african americans
-burn, draft, pillage in response to consription
emancipation proclamation/impact of confederate constitution
-declare slaves free in rebel territory (places lincoln couldnt actually free
-moral cause of north, prevented european aid of south
-gave union new soldiers
the alabama, the laird rams, examples of___?
-british vessels
-unarmed dock
-escaped to portugal, took weapons, flew confederate flag
lincoln’s stated purpose of war/motivations
-not fighting to end slavery
-secession not legal
-preserve union
union finances during civil war
-tax on tobacco & alcohol increased
-washington issued green paper money
-national banking system
-wartime prosperity in north-factories/protective tariff
confederate finances during civil war
-blockade imports ruining economy
-only really have cotton
-bread riots
-shortage of essentials
methods utilized by union/confederacy to raise war revenue
-progressive income tax
-federal government issued money
-north: excise taxes, morill tariff act, national banking system
-south: confederate bonds, states rights’ southerners opposed to heavy direct taxation
problems confronting confederacy during war
-states right issues, economic mess
-lack of transportation/numbers
-overreliance on cotton
-need for foreign intervention
expansion of opportunities for women during the war
-jobs
-fighting front (accompany husbands)
-spy missions
-smugglng
-medical field (nurses)
-puts women’s rights on hold
“shoddy millionaires”
-dishonest agents
-profits>patriotism
-shoes with cardboard soles and uniforms of shoddy woo
“blockade runners”
-risky but profitable
-run things through blockade to smuggle goods into south
-700% profit
